Rig Veda 5.1.3: Mandala 5, Sukta 1, Mantra 3

Sukta 5.1

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for RV 5.1)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदीं गणस्य रशनामजीगः शुचिरङ्क्ते शुचिभिर्गोभिरग्निः । आद्दक्षिणा युज्यते वाजयन्त्युत्तानामूर्ध्वो अधयज्जुहूभिः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.1.3

Transliteration

yád īṃ gaṇásya raśanā́m ájīgar śúcir aṅkte śúcibhir góbhir agníḥ | ā́d dákṣiṇā yujyate vāja-yánty uttānā́m ūrdhvó adhayaj juhū́bhiḥ ||

Translation

حين يُحرِّك حِزامَ الجماعة (raśanā للـgaṇa)، يُطيِّب أغني—الطاهر—نفسَه بأشعّةٍ طاهرة (go). ثم تُقرَنُ دكشِنا (Dakṣiṇā) بالنِّير، جالبةً وفرةَ القوّة؛ قائمًا، يحلبُ إلى أعلى القوى الممدودة بمغارف القربان (juhū).

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Word by Word

• यद्: when
• यद्: Adhikaraṇa (काल) / सम्बन्ध-निर्देशक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (यद्-शब्द) सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक

• ईम्: indeed, then
• ईम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईम् (निपात/एन्क्लिटिक)

• गणस्य: of the troop, of the host
• गणस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of the troop/host’
• Type: Noun
• Root: गण (प्रातिपदिक)

• रशनाम्: the rein, the strap
• रशनाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रशना (प्रातिपदिक)

• अजीगः: you sang/intoned
• अजीगः: Kartā (implicit ‘त्वम्’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गै/गि (धातु: गा/गै ‘to sing/chant’; reduplicated aorist)

• शुचिः: bright, pure
• शुचिः: Kartā (with अग्निः) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अङ्क्ते: anoints, smears
• अङ्क्ते: Kartā (अग्निः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अञ्ज् (धातु) ‘to anoint, smear’

• शुचिभिः: with pure (ones)
• शुचिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि (प्रातिपदिक)

• गोभिः: with cows; with rays (metaph.)
• गोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निः: Agni (Fire)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• आत्: then, thereupon
• आत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आत् (निपात/अव्यय)

• दक्षिणा: the dakṣiṇā (priestly gift/fee)
• दक्षिणा: Kartā (with युज्यते) / विषय
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)

• युज्यते: is yoked, is joined
• युज्यते: Kartā (दक्षिणा)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु) ‘to yoke, join’

• वाजयन्ति: they make (one) win; they invigorate; they win prizes
• वाजयन्ति: Kartā (implicit agents: priests/offerers) ; कर्म = (दक्षिणाम् implied) / or ‘they win prizes’
• Type: Verb
• Root: वाजय् (नामधातु/denom. from वाज ‘prize, strength’) ‘to make win, to invigorate’

• उत्तानाम्: outstretched
• उत्तानाम्: Karma (object of अधयत्) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तान (प्रातिपदिक; from ud+tan ‘stretched upward/out’)

• ऊर्ध्वः: upright, raised
• ऊर्ध्वः: Kartā (with implicit subject, likely अग्निः) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• अधयत्: he placed, he set
• अधयत्: Kartā (implicit: अग्निः) ; Karma = जुहूम्
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (धातु) ‘to place, set’ with preverb अधि-

• जुहूभिः: with ladles (offering-spoons)
• जुहूभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: जुहू (प्रातिपदिक)