Rig Veda 3.9.2: Mandala 3, Sukta 9, Mantra 2
Sukta 3.9
Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 3.9)
Devata: Agni / Apām Napāt complex (Agni addressed explicitly here)
Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable; requires metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कायमानो वना त्वं यन्मातॄरजगन्नपः । न तत्ते अग्ने प्रमृषे निवर्तनं यद्दूरे सन्निहाभवः ॥
Transliteration
kā́yamāno vanā́ tvaṃ yán mātṝ́r ájagan ápaḥ | ná tát te agne pramṛ́ṣe nivártanam yád dūré sán nihā́bhavaḥ ||
Translation
وإن كنتَ تجولُ في الغابات، حين مضيتَ إلى الأمهات—إلى المياه—فليس في ذلك لكَ، يا أغني (Agni)، رجوعٌ ولا انطفاءٌ لاندفاعِكَ إلى الأمام: وإن كنتَ بعيدًا، تصيرُ هنا حاضرًا.
Word by Word
कायमानःshining/appearing (as you blaze)
कायमानः:
कर्तृ (अग्नेः विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootकाय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘काय’ = ‘कायमान’ as kṛdanta base) < √क॑ (कायने/प्रकाशने; Vedic usage ‘to appear/shine’)
वनाःwoods/forests
वनाः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
यत्when/that (in that)
यत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable/Relative
Rootयद् (सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम)
मातॄःmothers
मातॄः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
अजगन्they went/they came
अजगन्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (गत्यर्थः)
अपःto the waters / the waters
अपः:
कर्म (गमनस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootअप्/आप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘waters’)
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध)
तत्that
तत्:
कर्म/विषय (निषेधस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
तेof you/your
ते:
सम्बन्ध (possessive)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रमृषेyou overlook/forgive
प्रमृषे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √मृष् (सहने/उपेक्षायाम्; also ‘to overlook/forgive’)
निवर्तनम्turning back/return
निवर्तनम्:
कर्म (प्रमृषे इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootनि + √वृत् (वर्तने/निवृत्तौ) → ‘निवर्तन’ (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्when/that (in that)
यत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable/Relative
Rootयद् (सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम)
दूरेfar away
दूरे:
अधिकरण
TypeAdverbial (locative form)
Rootदूर (प्रातिपदिक)
सन्being
सन्:
कर्तृ (त्वम्/अग्निः)
TypeParticiple
Root√अस् (भू)
इहhere
इह:
अधिकरण (देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (देशवाचक-अव्यय)
अभवःyou became/you came to be
अभवः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भवने)
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