Rig Veda 10.70.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 70, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.70

Rishi: Traditionally attributed to Vādhryaśva (continuation into RV 10.70 opening Agni-invocation)

Devata: Barhis (sacrificial seat) / ritual power that receives the gods; gods led by Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वि प्रथतां देवजुष्टं तिरश्चा दीर्घं द्राघ्मा सुरभि भूत्वस्मे । अहेळता मनसा देव बर्हिरिन्द्रज्येष्ठाँ उशतो यक्षि देवान् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 10.70.4

Transliteration

ví práthatāṃ devá-juṣṭaṃ tiraścā́ dīrgháṃ drāghmā́ surabhí bhūtv asmḗ | áheḷatā mánasā deva bárhir índra-jyeṣṭhān uśató yakṣi devā́n ||

Translation

لِيَنْبَسِطِ Barhis، المَقْعَدُ المقدّسُ المُسَرُّ للآلهة، واسعًا—ممتدًّا عرضًا—طويلًا عريضًا، وليَصِرْ لنا عَطِرًا. يا Barhis الإلهي، بعقلٍ لا عداوةَ فيه، اعبدِ الآلهةَ المشتاقين إلى القُربان، وإندرا في مقدّمتهم.

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Word by Word

• वि: apart, widely, forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि- (उपसर्ग) / √विच् (विभागे) (semantic prefix)

• प्रथताम्: let the two spread/extend
• प्रथताम्: Kartā (आज्ञा—कर्तृवाच्य)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √प्रथ् (विस्तारे) / प्रथ (धातु)

• देवजुष्टम्: pleasing/approved by the gods
• देवजुष्टम्: Karma (of प्रथताम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देव-जुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक); जुष्ट < √जुष् (सेवने/प्रीतौ) क्त

• तिरश्चा: crosswise, sideways
• तिरश्चा: Adhikaraṇa (directional/extent)
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial accusative) / Adjective
• Root: तिरश्च्/तिर्यञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक)

• दीर्घम्: long
• दीर्घम्: Karma (extent/object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीर्घ (प्रातिपदिक)

• द्राघ्मा: length, extension
• द्राघ्मा: Kartā (as subject/nominal predicate of the spreading)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्राघ्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; from √दृंह्/√द्राघ् ‘to lengthen’—Vedic abstract)

• सुरभि: fragrant
• सुरभि: Karma/Predicative complement
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुरभि (प्रातिपदिक)

• भूत्वा: having become
• भूत्वा: — (पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verbal derivative
• Root: √भू (सत्तायाम्)

• अस्मे: for us
• अस्मे: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• अहेळता: without anger, harmlessly
• अहेळता: Karaṇa (manner) / Adverbial instrument
• Type: Adjective (instrumental) / Noun used adverbially
• Root: अ-हेळ (प्रातिपदिक) / हेळा ‘wrath, harm’

• मनसा: with (the) mind
• मनसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• देव: O god
• देव: — (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• बर्हिः: the sacred grass (barhis)
• बर्हिः: Kartā (addressed/treated as agent in the injunction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बर्हिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रज्येष्ठान्: with Indra as the foremost
• इन्द्रज्येष्ठान्: Karma (qualifier of ‘देवान्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इन्द्र-ज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; ज्येष्ठ ‘eldest, foremost’)

• उशतः: desired, wished-for
• उशतः: Karma (qualifier of ‘देवान्’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √उश् (कामायाम्/इच्छायाम्) / उशत् (वर्त. कृदन्त)

• यक्षि: worship/sacrifice to
• यक्षि: — (आज्ञा)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यज् (देवपूजासंगतिकरणदानेषु) (वैदिक: यक्ष्-आदेश)

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)