Rig Veda 1.10.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 10, Mantra 2
Sukta 1.10
Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11; hence RV 1.10)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; standard for early Indra hymns in Mandala 1)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यत्सानोः सानुमारुहद्भूर्यस्पष्ट कर्त्वम् । तदिन्द्रो अर्थं चेतति यूथेन वृष्णिरेजति ॥
Transliteration
yát sā́noḥ sā́num ā́ aruhad bhū́ry aspáṣṭa kártvam | tád índro árthaṃ cetati yūthéna vṛ́ṣṇir éjati ||
Translation
حين تصعدُ النفسُ من قِمّةٍ إلى قِمّةٍ، يكونُ عملٌ كثيرٌ ينبغي أن يُجلّى ويُصاغَ على وجهِ الصواب؛ ذلك المقصدَ الحقَّ يُدركه إندرا، وتتحرّكُ قوّةُ الثورِ مع القطيعِ إلى الأمام—جامعةً القوى الكثيرةَ في اندفاعةٍ واحدةٍ ظافرة.
Word by Word
यत्that which / when / as
यत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (relative pronoun used as conjunction)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द
सानोःof/from the ridge, summit
सानोः:
Apādāna (source/point from which) / Adhikaraṇa (locus) (contextual)
TypeNoun
Rootसानु (प्रातिपदिक)
सानुम्the ridge/summit
सानुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसानु (प्रातिपदिक)
आरुहत्ascended, climbed
आरुहत्:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√रुह् (रुहँ) ‘to ascend, grow’
भूरिmuch, abundant
भूरि:
—
TypeAdjective/Indeclinable (quantifier)
Rootभूरि (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्पष्टnot clear, indistinct
अस्पष्ट:
—
TypeAdjective
Rootअ- + स्पष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) (< √पश्/√स्पश् ‘to see/appear’ in ‘स्पष्ट’)
कर्त्वम्deed, exploit
कर्त्वम्:
Karma (of ‘चेतति’) / or object of cognition
TypeNoun
Rootकर्त्व (प्रातिपदिक; ‘deed, exploit, act’)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (of ‘चेतति’)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अर्थम्purpose, meaning, aim
अर्थम्:
Karma (of ‘चेतति’)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
चेततिperceives, understands
चेतति:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√चित् (चितीँ) ‘to perceive, notice, understand’
यूथेनwith a troop, in a herd
यूथेन:
Karaṇa (instrument/means; ‘with/by a troop’)
TypeNoun
Rootयूथ (प्रातिपदिक)
वृष्णिःthe bull/strong one (Indra)
वृष्णिः:
Kartā (of ‘रेजति’)
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootवृष्णि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘stallion-like, bull; strong one’; also ‘of the Vṛṣṇis’ in later usage)
रेजतिshakes, moves, rushes
रेजति:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√रिज्/√रेज् (रेजृँ) ‘to shake, tremble, move’
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