Atharva Veda 13.3.4: Kanda 13, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 3, Mantra 4

Sukta 3

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यः प्रा॒णेन॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी त॒र्पय॑त्यपा॒नेन॑ समु॒द्रस्य॑ ज॒ठरं॒ यः पिप॑र्ति॒ तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑ । उद् वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न्

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 13.3.4

IAST Transliteration

yáḥ prāṇéna dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ tarpáyaty apānéna samudrásya jaṭháraṃ yáḥ pípārti tásya devásya krúddhasyáitád ā́go yá eváṃ vidvā́ṃsaṃ brāhmaṇáṃ jinā́ti | úd vepaya rohita prá kṣiṇīhi brahmajyásya práti muñca pā́śān

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

He who with prāṇa refreshes Heaven and Earth, who with apāna fills the ocean’s belly—of that god, when angered, this is the offence: he who, knowing thus, wrongs a learned Brahmin. Up, make him tremble, O Rohita; waste him away: against the brahma-injurer loose forth the nooses.

Translation

هو الذي يُنعِش السماءَ والأرضَ بـ prāṇa، والذي يملأ بطنَ المحيط بـ apāna—ذلك الإله. فإذا غضب فهذه هي الخطيئة: من يعلم ذلك ثم يظلم براهمنًا عالمًا. أقمْه ليرتعد، يا روهيتا؛ وأنحِلْه: وأطلِقْ على مُؤذي البراهمن (brahma-jya) القيودَ/الأفخاخ.

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Word by Word

• यः: who (he)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) य-

• प्राणेन: with/in the vital breath (prāṇa)
• प्राणेन: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण (प्रातिपदिक)

• द्यावापृथिवी: heaven-and-earth (the two)
• द्यावापृथिवी: Karma
• Type: Noun (dual compound)
• Root: द्यावापृथिवी (समास-प्रातिपदिक; द्यौ + पृथिवी)

• तर्पयति: satisfies, nourishes
• तर्पयति: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: तृप् (धातु) → तर्पयति (णिच्)

• अपानेन: with/in the downward breath (apāna)
• अपानेन: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपान (प्रातिपदिक)

• समुद्रस्य: of the ocean
• समुद्रस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• जठरम्: belly, womb, interior
• जठरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जठर (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who (he)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) य-

• पिपर्ति: fills, sustains
• पिपर्ति: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: पॄ (धातु; पॄ/पॢ) → पिपर्ति (द्वितीयगण-लिट्/लट्-रूप; here present-like)

• तस्य: of that
• तस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• देवस्य: of the god
• देवस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• क्रुद्धस्य: of the angered
• क्रुद्धस्य: Viśeṣaṇa (of देवस्य)
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु) → क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त; भूतकृदन्त)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma (with implied ‘is/constitutes’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आगः: sin, offence
• आगः: Karma (predicate/accusative sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आगस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) य-

• एवम्: thus, in this way
• एवम्: Adverbial
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)

• विद्वांसम्: a knowing one, learned
• विद्वांसम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective (participle used substantively)
• Root: विद् (धातु) → विद्वांस् (कृदन्त; वर्तमानकृदन्त/परस्मैपदी)

• ब्राह्मणम्: a Brahmin
• ब्राह्मणम्: Karma (apposition to विद्वांसम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)

• जिनाति: harms, overpowers
• जिनाति: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि (धातु) / ज्या? (here: जि ‘to overpower, injure’) → जिनाति

• उत्: up, forth
• उत्: Upasarga (with वेपय)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: उत् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वेपय: make (him) tremble!
• वेपय: Kartā (imperative to addressee)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विप्/वेप् (धातु ‘to tremble’) → वेपय (णिच्-आज्ञार्थ)

• रोहित: O Rohita
• रोहित: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: रोहित (प्रातिपदिक; देवता/विशेषण-नाम)

• प्र: forth, fully
• प्र: Upasarga (with क्षिणीहि)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• क्षिणीहि: destroy! waste away!
• क्षिणीहि: Kartā (imperative to addressee)
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्षि (धातु ‘to destroy, waste away’) → क्षिणीहि

• ब्रह्मज्यस्य: of the Brahmin-slayer / of the sin of harming a Brahmin
• ब्रह्मज्यस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मज्य (प्रातिपदिक; ब्रह्मन् + ज्या/ज्य ‘injury’)

• प्रति: back, in return, against
• प्रति: Adverbial/Upasarga (with मुञ्च)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय/उपसर्ग)

• मुञ्च: release, let loose
• मुञ्च: Kartā (imperative to addressee)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच् (धातु ‘to release’) → मुञ्च

• पाशान्: nooses, bonds
• पाशान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाश (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angiras-type (anukramaṇī-dependent)

Devata: Rohita; prāṇa/apāna sustaining deity (Prajāpati/Āditya-like)

Chandas: Mixed; refrain-driven (edition-dependent)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: raudra

Secondary: adbhuta