Atharva Veda Anuvaka 3
Kanda 210 Suktas56 Mantras

Anuvaka 3

以“反制与护持”为主旨:将敌意与加害之术反转回施害者,护卫身体安稳,并借由神圣光辉、药草与秩序(ṛta)来稳固生命、牲畜与欲愿。分题包括:对抗敌对与“回送”式巫术/咒害(pratiyātu、hetī-nivartanam);依日(Sūrya)、月(Candra)与诸水(Āpaḥ)的光明之力(tejas/haras/arciṣ)作护持;以药草为中心的禳除与疗愈仪式(Oṣadhi、Pṛśniparṇī);护畜与保丰(牛群的聚集与留存);以及延寿(āyuṣya)之护持。

Suktas in Anuvaka 3

Sukta 21

《AVŚ》2.21是一首短小而有力的反敌咒(制伏敌害)赞歌,借用苏利耶(Sūrya)之光辉为武器——以haras(灼烧之力)、arciṣ(光线/光芒)与śóciḥ(火焰/热焰)——把仇恨反掷回其源头。诗中反复以“恨我们者、我们所恨者”为叠句,将太阳的热力塑造成兼具道德与祭仪效力的报应之使:灼伤并驱退加害者,同时护持诵持者一方。

| Devata: Sūrya (as punitive heat/śóciḥ). | 4 Mantras

Sukta 22

这首六颂的《阿闼婆吠陀》咒歌祈请月神旃陀罗(Candra)为持有 haras 与 tejas——炽烈而光耀的威能——之载体,使敌意回转并反施于加害者。全诗反复将此举表述为对“憎恨我们之人”的正当报复,祈求剥夺敌人的光辉、力量与有效作为之能。其效力被理解为一种属月、可转移的力量,可被反向投射(prati-hara),以消解并惩罚敌对意图或巫咒之害。

Rishi: Traditionally Atharvanic/Angirasa attribution for this counter-hatred material (to be confirmed against the AVŚ anukramaṇī for 2.22) | Devata: Candra (Moon), as wielder of haras (burning potency) | 6 Mantras

Sukta 23

《AVŚ 2.23》是一首简短的反巫术咒歌,召请诸水(Āpaḥ)作为明耀而炽烈的力量,能够回转敌意。通过祈唤诸水的arciṣ(光辉)、haraḥ(夺取之力)与tejas(效能/威势),此咒使祸害“反转归去”,剥夺加害者的力量,并含蓄地护持诵者的领域。

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition (hymn-level attribution varies by anukramaṇī; commonly treated as Atharvanic). | Devata: Āpaḥ (Waters), as empowered agents of tejas and protection. | 5 Mantras

Sukta 24

这首《阿闼婆吠陀》的反制巫术赞歌以命令的方式,将敌对的作法反转并归还其作者:命令诸“yātu”(施咒的使役者)、被发射的“飞矢/凶器”(hetí),以及吞噬人的 kīmīdinī 们回到其主人身边。其效力根植于强制性的 brahman——一种有效之言:通过点名、束缚并重新导向伤害,使之不再吞噬原本的受害者,而转而吞噬施放者。反复出现的祈使句(“punaḥ…yantu…”“tam atta…”)营造出一种近乎司法、契约式的逆转:这些使役之物必须吞噬那位雇佣并差遣它们的人。

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angiras-type attribution (hymn-level tradition; verse functions within a counter-sorcery complex). | Devata: Mantra-directed to hostile agents (yātavaḥ, kīmīdinīḥ) under the coercive power of brahman (effective speech). | 8 Mantras

Sukta 25

《阿闼婆吠陀》2.25是一首短小而有力的医药—禳除赞歌,尊奉药草神祇毗湿尼帕尔尼(Pṛśniparṇī)为征服者,其威能足以使敌对之人、巫蛊咒术与致流产的诸种力量失效。通过言辞上“斩断”恶名者之首,并将此草想象为如阿耆尼般追逐焚迫,赞歌把药用植物转化为彻底中和与护卫群体的武器。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often transmitted under Atharvan/Angiras lineages for bhaiṣajya hymns; specific r̥ṣi attribution depends on anukramaṇī tradition for AV 2.25). | Devata: Pṛśniparṇī (herb-deity/personified medicinal power). | 5 Mantras

Sukta 26

《阿闼婆吠陀》2.26 为求富护持之咒,旨在聚集牲畜(paśu-saṃgraha):召唤牛群如水流般涌入牛栏(goṣṭha),被正当地引领归家,并被牢牢守持,使其不致走失或迷离。通过祈请婆罗诃斯波提(Bṛhaspati)为明知的引导者,悉尼瓦利(Sinīvālī)为前导的吉祥领路者,以及阿努玛提(Anumati)为赐予并巩固之力,本颂使牛栏成为经仪封固的繁荣与护卫之中心。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often transmitted without a single fixed ṛṣi attribution in practical sūktas; commonly classed under Atharvan/Angiras milieu) | Devata: Bṛhaspati; Sinīvālī; Anumati (with paśu-saṃgraha as the pragmatic focus) | 5 Mantras

Sukta 27

《阿闼婆吠陀》2.27是一则护身与疗愈的咒辞,核心是被人格化的药草(Oṣadhi),在进食这一关键时刻施用,使敌对之力无法“夺取口中之食”。通过反复的“食团与反制之食团”的公式,此咒将吞咽转化为反巫术的行动,使加害者与吸夺精髓者(arāsaḥ)失去力量,并以近似因陀罗的胜敌方式确保对仇敌的胜利。

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition (specific r̥ṣi not securely determinable from the single-verse input; commonly transmitted as Atharvanic in śatru-parājaya contexts). | Devata: Oṣadhi (the Herb) as personified healing and protective power; secondarily the abstract force of abhibhū (overpowering). | 7 Mantras

Sukta 28

《阿闼婆吠陀》2.28 为一首延寿—疗病(āyuṣya-bhaiṣajya)赞歌:通过将病者置于密特罗—伐楼那共同而有序的护持之下,并以知晓祭仪的阿耆尼(Hotṛ)为中介,使礼拜者远离“衰老与死亡”(jarā-mṛtyu)。此咒守护出入之气(prāṇa 与 apāna),驱除来自友人与敌人的伤害,最终祝愿长寿、身光体泽,并在阿底提与诸神(All-Gods)的庇荫下得享高龄。

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angiras-type attribution (as typical for AV healing/life rites; specific r̥ṣi assignment depends on the anukramaṇī tradition for 2.28). | Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa; Agni (Hotṛ) as ritual mediator | 5 Mantras

Sukta 29

《阿闼婆吠陀》2.29 为一则祝祷长寿与兴盛的护符咒,旨在把“长命”栽植于受福者身上,并借由火热之神阿耆尼(Jātavedas)、塑成与造作之神特瓦什特利(Tvaṣṭṛ),以及赐吉祥推动之神萨维特利(Savitar)的神力,使其稳固不移。此咒将 āyuṣya(寿命)与 prajā(安稳的子嗣/繁衍)及 rāyas-poṣa(财富的兴旺增长)相连结,并以“复得而不朽坏的生命力(ūrjā)”与“光辉的安康(varcas)”作为祝福的封印。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (commonly treated as Atharvan/Angiras-type benediction). | Devata: Agni (Jātavedas), Tvaṣṭṛ, Savitar (composite benedictive invocation). | 7 Mantras

Sukta 30

这首五颂的阿闼婆系咒歌以“类比强制”起效:如风在大地上翻搅草木,施行者亦“搅动”、扭转目标之意(manas),使其心转向自身,生起思慕并阻止其离去。除吸引(妇人作法/增益性之摄召)之外,本歌亦运用驱逐母题——将侵入之害如同自鞘中拔出刺一般送走——显示阿闼婆传统常将“招引”与“驱遣”两种身心技术并置运用。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī for this kāmya cluster) | Devata: Vāta (Wind) as the operative model; the effective ‘deity’ is the mantra’s coercive power over manas (mind). | 5 Mantras

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