Atharva Veda Anuvaka 2
Kanda 110 Suktas42 Mantras

Anuvaka 2

本段以阿闼婆吠陀式的护持与复原仪轨为主旨:解除阻滞、疾病、厄运与敌对侵害,并安立安稳与兴盛。其要点包括:助产开通与平安分娩;疗愈并安抚消耗病(yakṣma)及诸痛;驱逐巫蛊、咒术与鬼魅侵扰;增益家宅福运与新娘光辉(varcas);招聚并增长富饶(paustika);遮退飞矢兵刃、禳除战祸;以及使居处与人生诸事得以稳固。

Suktas in Anuvaka 2

Sukta 11

此颂为阿闼婆系的助产祈咒,用以解除阻滞、促成分娩圆满;所祈请者为四方诸方位与诸神,作为使闭塞者得以开启的宇宙施力者。颂中以天地四维、诸方遍满的意象,结合分娩的具体生理过程——开启子宫、排出阻碍、使胎盘下行——令生产迅速、安稳,不致滞留。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often transmitted under Atharvan/Angiras lineages; specific r̥ṣi attribution depends on anukramaṇī tradition). | Devata: Pradiśas (the Quarters) and Devāḥ (the Gods) as collective agents of delivery. | 6 Mantras

Sukta 12

这首四颂的疗病—息灾赞歌,针对弥漫性的疾病(尤指 yakṣma/消耗性痨病)、头痛、咳嗽,以及撕裂般的肢体与关节疼痛;它召来如暴风般的净化之力,并唤起草木与群山的复原功德。末尾以周遍的“śam”(安宁/福祉)公式作结,将康泰分配于上与下、四肢以及全身。其效力在于精确点名诸苦,视之为外来侵入者而驱逐,并以无所不包的身躯圆满来封护病者。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (hymn-level attribution varies by anukramaṇī; commonly Atharvan/Angiras-type) | Devata: Śam/Śānti (personified well-being; pacificatory power rather than a single theonym) | 4 Mantras

Sukta 13

《阿闼婆吠陀》1.13是一首简短的祈安与疗护赞歌,向一种凝聚而可能危险的苦行热力(tapas)致敬;此力被人格化为“Pravato Nāpāt”,并连同其如武器般的“飞射/弹矢”面向一并受呼唤。通过反复的“namas”(敬礼)与对其隐秘宇宙座处的称颂,赞歌使这股力量得以安抚,并将其导向身体康宁、家宅平安与护佑儿童。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (Anukramaṇī attribution for AV 1.13 commonly places it in Atharvan/Angiras milieu; verse-level r̥ṣi not securely isolable here) | Devata: Tapas-bearing ‘Nāpāt’ (a fiery/ascetic power addressed as a personal agent; often interpreted in the orbit of Agni-like potency) | 4 Mantras

Sukta 14

《阿闼婆吠陀》1.14 为一首家宅祝祷,面向临近婚嫁门槛的少女,旨在借由福分的分配者婆伽(Bhaga)的赐予,将“瓦尔恰斯”(varcas:光辉的魅力与社会声望)“分配/安置”于新娘之身。此颂亦以仪式方式调度新娘自娘家向夫家之转移:将她系属并稳固于新的家宅,同时祈请祖先扶持,使婚姻与家业长久安定。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (exact ṛṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī; commonly treated as an Atharvan/Angiras-type domestic benediction). | Devata: Bhaga (as distributor of fortune) with the operative power of Várchas (splendour). | 4 Mantras

Sukta 15

这首求福致富(paustika)赞歌通过召唤诸般自然之流——河川、风与有翼的行者——令其汇聚并“同流”而来,趋向祭主,以凝聚兴盛。又以统一的供献取悦认可的天界,使财宝、牛群与吉祥之利如水涌入,并在自身居处安住稳固。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (general; specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī traditions for early AV hymns) | Devata: Prosperity through converging natural powers (rivers, winds, winged beings) and the accepting heavenly realm; effectively a paustika collective invocation rather than a single named deity. | 4 Mantras

Sukta 16

《阿闼婆吠陀》1.16是一首短小而有力的禳灾护身赞歌,以铅(sīsa)为载体,使之受咒力加持,用来驱逐yātu——敌对的巫蛊与恶灵侵害。此咒的权威被置于伐楼那、阿耆尼与因陀罗之下,并宣称被加持的“此物”(idam)——所备制的护符/药剂——能胜过Viṣkandha、吞噬者(attriṇ)以及毗舍遮(Piśāca)诸族。末尾以护卫性的威吓作结:凡加害牛、马或人的存在,都应以铅作仪式性“刺穿”,使其不再成为杀害英雄之者。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (seer not securely individualized for this single verse in common indices) | Devata: Lead as apotropaic power (material devatā) under the authority of Varuṇa, Agni, and Indra; functional devatā: yātucātana (expulsion of yātu). | 4 Mantras

Sukta 17

《阿闼婆吠陀》1.17 为一首简短的阿闼婆系护符咒,用以将守护之力牢牢安置,并在身体或结构松弛、移位、受威胁时恢复其秩序。它在一切方位(下方—远处/外缘—中间)安置稳定之力,使诸脉道与肢体“复归整齐”,末了又施放环绕四周的屏障——以具象化的 Sikātāvatī 与高举之弓(Dhanuḥ),并以 Bṛhatī 之宏大威力为其增幅——使受护之域不致消散,福祉得以坚固长存。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (specific ṛṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī; commonly Atharvan/Angiras-type for protective hymns). | Devata: Protective power personified as Sikātāvatī and the Bow (Dhanuḥ), with Bṛhatī as magnified might. | 4 Mantras

Sukta 18

《阿闼婆吠陀》1.18是一则简短的阿闼婆系驱邪咒,用以驱逐阿拉克什弥(不幸/贫乏)、阿拉提(敌对的阻碍与不施予之性)以及任何黏附于身体的“可怖”内在病厄。通过将污秽“拂散”并以仪式方式从人的肢体与容貌上迁移、转置出去,此咒同时招致婆陀罗/室利——扶持家业兴盛与子嗣繁衍的吉祥福运。其发挥效力的核心是由娑毗多罗(Savitar)及诸同盟神祇所加持的言语之力(vāc,真言之语),推动恶祟远离,并令善福运转而来。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often attributed broadly to Atharvan/Angiras circles for alakṣmī-expulsion hymns; specific r̥ṣi assignment depends on anukramaṇī). | Devata: Alakṣmī (as the expelled misfortune) and Bhadrā/Śrī (as the attracted auspicious fortune); also the abstract power of Arāti as obstruction. | 4 Mantras

Sukta 19

这首简短的禳灾护身颂是一种“使兵器偏转”的咒法:祈愿敌对的弓手与“过度穿刺者”寻不着受护之人,使一切飞射之物转向旁逸,坠地而不致伤害。颂歌以神圣命令驱使箭矢——无论出自天界或人间——皆当失的,不中被护者,反而击中仇敌,使敌人的攻势回返其身。因陀罗(并在一节中以鲁陀罗为弓手)被召为掌控飞行轨迹的神力主宰,使护佑成为神圣敕令,而非仅靠躲避。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often transmitted under Atharvan/Āṅgirasa provenance for protective charms; specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī tradition). | Devata: Indra (as protector and deflector of weapons); secondarily the ‘missiles’ as the object being controlled. | 4 Mantras

Sukta 20

《阿闼婆吠陀》1.20是一首阿闼婆派的禳灾护身赞歌,向密特罗—伐楼那祈求(尤以伐楼那为重),以驱退针对求护者而起的“战斗式屠戮”(vadhá)与怀恶意的敌对侵害。诗中把危险描绘为可自四方、或近或远被发射而来的祸患,并命令其被“环绕着驱逐、远远赶走”,同时建立起名为śárman(庇护、安宅)的防护围护与“不败”的保证。此歌的效力在于召请具王权、守护秩序的神祇,既作为惩治仇敌者,又作为赐予扩展避难所者,使同盟者不致被杀、求护者不致被征服。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (hymn addressed to Mitra–Varuṇa; specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī traditions for early AV hymns) | Devata: Mitra–Varuṇa | 4 Mantras

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