Rig Veda 7.39.2: Mandala 7, Sukta 39, Mantra 2

Sukta 7.39

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Vāyu and Pūṣan (with general arrival of gods)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र वावृजे सुप्रया बर्हिरेषामा विश्पतीव बीरिट इयाते । विशामक्तोरुषसः पूर्वहूतौ वायुः पूषा स्वस्तये नियुत्वान् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.39.2

Transliteration

prá vāvṛje su-prayā́ bárhir eṣām ā́ viśpátīva bī́riṭa iyāte | viśā́m aktór uṣásaḥ pū́rva-hūtau vāyúḥ pū́ṣā svastáye niyutvā́n ||

Translation

Cho các ngài, thảm cỏ tế barhis đã được trải theo trật tự đẹp đẽ; như hai vị chủ của thị tộc, các ngài tiến đến chỗ vững bền. Vì muôn dân, vào lúc Đêm và Bình minh gặp nhau, những đấng được khẩn thỉnh trước hết—Vāyu và Pūṣan—đến trong ách xe, vì sự an lành của chúng ta.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• वावृजे: has turned/has set forth
• वावृजे: Kartā (implicit subject = ‘she/it’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृज् (वृजति/वृञ्जते) "to turn/choose, set in motion" (Vedic)

• सुप्रया: with good onward course; well-advancing
• सुप्रया: Viśeṣaṇa (of the subject) / Karaṇa nuance
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- + प्रया (प्रया < प्र-√इ/√या ‘going, course’; as prātipadika) অথবা ‘good advance/leading’

• बर्हिः: the sacred grass (barhis)
• बर्हिः: Kartā (subject) / also ritual instrumentality
• Type: Noun
• Root: बर्हिस् (prātipadika)

• एषाम्: of these
• एषाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (sarvanāman)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga)

• विश्पतीव: like two lords of the clan
• विश्पतीव: Upamā (simile) qualifying the motion/approach
• Type: Noun + Indeclinable
• Root: विश्पति (viś-páti) ‘lord of the clan/settlement’ + इव

• बीरिट्: Bīriṭ (a name/epithet)
• बीरिट्: Kartā (subject of इयाते) / apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: बीरिट् (Vedic prātipadika; epithet/name, often taken as a proper/rare word)

• इयाते: goes, comes, advances
• इयाते: Kriyā (main verb); Kartā = बीरिट्
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (याति) with preverb(s) implied by context

• विशाम्: of the peoples/clans
• विशाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश् (prātipadika) ‘clan, people’

• अक्तोः: of the night
• अक्तोः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्ति (prātipadika) ‘night’ (Vedic; cf. √अञ्ज् ‘to smear’ > ‘darkening’)

• उषसः: the Dawns
• उषसः: Kartā (co-subject with following deities) / or appositional
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (prātipadika)

• पूर्वहूतौ: at/with the two earlier-invoked (ones)
• पूर्वहूतौ: Adhikaraṇa (locative setting) / epithet of the pair
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: पूर्व- + हूत (ppp of √ह्वा/√हू ‘to call, invoke’)

• वायुः: Vāyu
• वायुः: Kartā (named deity) / apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु (prātipadika)

• पूषा: Pūṣan
• पूषा: Kartā (named deity) / apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूषन् (prātipadika)

• स्वस्तये: for well-being
• स्वस्तये: Sampradāna (purpose/benefit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वस्ति (prātipadika)

• नियुत्वान्: having a yoked team; team-possessing
• नियुत्वान्: Viśeṣaṇa (of वायुः) / Kartā-qualifier
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियुत्वन्त् (from नियुत् ‘yoking, team’ + -वत् possessive)