Rig Veda 9.74.8: Mandala 9, Sukta 74, Mantra 8

Sukta 9.74

Rishi: Soma-pavamāna seer tradition; Kakṣīvān is explicitly named as recipient/figure within the hymn’s horizon

Devata: Soma Pavamāna (in the kalaśa)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अध श्वेतं कलशं गोभिरक्तं कार्ष्मन्ना वाज्यक्रमीत्ससवान् । आ हिन्विरे मनसा देवयन्तः कक्षीवते शतहिमाय गोनाम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 9.74.8

Transliteration

ádha śvetáṃ kalaśáṃ góbhir aktáṃ kārṣmánnā vājí akramīt sasavā́n | ā́ hinvire mánasā deva-yántaḥ kakṣī́vate śatá-himāya gónām ||

Translation

แล้วหม้อบีบสีขาว (kaláśa) ซึ่งชโลมด้วยรัศมีดุจฝูงโค ก็ส่องประกาย; พลังผู้มีชัยในยามคั้นย่อมก้าวขึ้นและเร่งรุดไป. ผู้แสวงหาเทพเร้าเร่งมันด้วยใจ (manas)—ไปสู่กักษีวาน (Kakṣīvān) เพื่อความอุดมแห่งฝูงโคแห่งแสง ผู้ผ่าน ‘ร้อยฤดูหนาว’ (śata-himá).

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Word by Word

• अध: then, now
• अध: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अध (avyaya)

• श्वेतम्: white, bright
• श्वेतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वेत (प्रातिपदिक)

• कलशम्: vessel, jar (Soma-vat)
• कलशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलश (प्रातिपदिक)

• गोभिः: with cows; with milk (ritual sense)
• गोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• अक्तम्: smeared, anointed
• अक्तम्: Karma
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: अञ्ज् (धातु) → अक्त (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)

• कार्ष्मन्ना: by pulling/strain; with force (as by pressing/straining)
• कार्ष्मन्ना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun (instrumental) / Adverbial-instr.
• Root: कार्ष्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘कर्षण/कर्ष्मन्’ से, ‘खींचना/तनाव’ भाव)

• वाज्यक्रमीत्: strode/stepped forth swiftly (as a prize-winning/strong one)
• वाज्यक्रमीत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रम् (धातु) + वाज्य (उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद-विशेषण ‘वाजिन्/वाज्य’ = वेगवान्/बलवान्)

• ससवान्: impelled/pressed; invigorated (the Soma)
• ससवान्: Kartā
• Type: Participle (perfect-like) / Adjective
• Root: सव्/सू (धातु; ‘प्रेरणे/सवने’) → ससवान् (कृदन्त, वान्-प्रत्यय; परिपूर्ण/परिणत भाव)

• आ: towards, forth
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• हिन्विरे: they impel, set in motion
• हिन्विरे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: हिन्/हिन्व् (धातु ‘प्रेरणे’)

• मनसा: with mind, by intention
• मनसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवयन्तः: seeking the gods; god-ward (worshipping)
• देवयन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: देवय् (धातु/denom. ‘देवान् इच्छति/देवेषु प्रवृत्तः’) → देवयन्त् (शतृ-प्रत्यय)

• कक्षीवते: to Kakṣīvat (the seer)
• कक्षीवते: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: कक्षीवत् (ऋषि-नाम; प्रातिपदिक)

• शतहिमाय: to the ‘hundred-wintered’ (very aged/venerable)
• शतहिमाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: शतहिम (प्रातिपदिक; शत + हिम)

• गोनाम्: of cows; of cattle (i.e., wealth)
• गोनाम्: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)