Rig Veda 5.42.1: Mandala 5, Sukta 42, Mantra 1

Sukta 5.42

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (common attribution for RV 5.42; medium certainty)

Devata: Varuṇa, Mitra, Bhaga, Aditi; and a fivefold priest-power (often Savitṛ/Agni as hearer in interpretive traditions)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; verification recommended)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र शंतमा वरुणं दीधिती गीर्मित्रं भगमदितिं नूनमश्याः । पृषद्योनिः पञ्चहोता शृणोत्वतूर्तपन्था असुरो मयोभुः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.42.1

Transliteration

prá śáṃtamā váruṇaṃ dī́dhitī gī́r mitráṃ bhágam áditiṃ nūnám aśyāḥ | pṛ́ṣadyóniḥ páñcahotā śṛṇótv atū́rtapanthā ásuro mayobhúḥ ||

Translation

วาจาศักดิ์สิทธิ์อันนำสันติยิ่งสุดก้าวไปข้างหน้า บัดนี้แสวงหา วรุณะ (Varuṇa), มิตร (Mitra), ภคะ (Bhaga) และ อทิติ (Aditi) ขอให้ฤทธิ์แห่งการบูชาห้าประการ—ผู้มีครรภ์เป็นแสงด่างพราว—จงสดับเถิด: ผู้มีหนทางไม่ถูกขัดขวาง อสุระ (Asura) ผู้บังเกิดเป็นผู้ก่อสุขภาวะแก่เรา

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• शंतमा: most auspicious, most soothing
• शंतमा: Karma (qualifier of गीः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शम् (prātipadika: शन्त- < शम् ‘well-being, peace’)

• वरुणम्: Varuṇa
• वरुणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (prātipadika)

• दीधिती: (my) inspired thought, devotion
• दीधिती: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: दीधिति (prātipadika; ‘thought/insight, devotion’; from √धा/√धी in Vedic usage)

• गीः: hymn, song
• गीः: Kartā (apposition to दीधिती)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गीर्/गीः (prātipadika; ‘song, hymn, speech’)

• मित्रम्: Mitra
• मित्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (prātipadika)

• भगम्: Bhaga
• भगम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भग (prātipadika)

• अदितिम्: Aditi
• अदितिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदिति (prātipadika)

• नूनम्: now, indeed
• नूनम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नूनम् (indeclinable)

• अश्याः: may I attain, may I reach
• अश्याः: — (verbal predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अश् (to reach, attain)

• पृषद्योनिḥ: having a speckled seat/origin (epithet)
• पृषद्योनिḥ: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (compound epithet)
• Root: पृषद्-योनि (compound prātipadika: पृषद् ‘speckled’ + योनि ‘womb/seat/origin’)

• पञ्चहोता: the fivefold Hotṛ (five-priestly invoker)
• पञ्चहोता: Kartā (apposition to पृषद्योनिḥ)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: पञ्च-होतृ (compound prātipadika: पञ्च ‘five’ + होतृ ‘priest/invoker’)

• शृणोतु: let him hear
• शृणोतु: — (verbal predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रु (to hear)

• अतूर्तपन्थाः: whose path is unhindered
• अतूर्तपन्थाः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective (compound epithet)
• Root: अ-तूर्त-पन्था (compound prātipadika: अ- ‘not’ + तूर्त ‘hindered/overcome’ + पन्था ‘path’)

• असुरः: Asura (lordly one)
• असुरः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असुर (prātipadika)

• मयोभुः: bringing welfare/joy, beneficent
• मयोभुः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective (compound epithet)
• Root: मयस्-भू (compound prātipadika: मयस् ‘delight, welfare’ + भू ‘being/producing’)