Rig Veda 5.11.2: Mandala 5, Sukta 11, Mantra 2

Sukta 5.11

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for RV 5.11, Vasiṣṭha-gotra; exact rishi for each verse follows the sūkta attribution)

Devata: Agni (with allied mention of Indra and the Devāḥ as cooperative powers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; typical for many Agni hymns in Mandala 5)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यज्ञस्य केतुं प्रथमं पुरोहितमग्निं नरस्त्रिषधस्थे समीधिरे । इन्द्रेण देवैः सरथं स बर्हिषि सीदन्नि होता यजथाय सुक्रतुः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.11.2

Transliteration

yajñásya ketúṃ prathamáṃ puróhitam agníṃ náras tri-sadhásthe sam-īdhire | índreṇa deváiḥ saráthaṃ sá bárhiṣi sī́dann ní hotā́ yajáthāya su-krátuḥ ||

Translation

เหล่ามนุษย์จุดอัคนี (Agni) ณ ที่นั่งสามชั้น—เป็นธงแห่งยัญญะ เป็นนิมิตแรก และเป็นปุโรหิตผู้นำซึ่งตั้งไว้เบื้องหน้า. พร้อมอินทรา (Indra) และเหล่าเทพผู้ร่วมรถเดียวกัน เขานั่งลงบนบรรหิส (barhis) อันศักดิ์สิทธิ์; ในฐานะโหตฤ (hotṛ) เขาสงบนั่งเพื่อการบูชา มีเจตจำนงอันผ่องใส (śukratu).

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Word by Word

• यज्ञस्य: of the sacrifice
• यज्ञस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक; √यज्)

• केतुम्: banner; sign; emblem
• केतुम्: कर्म (object/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केतु (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रथमम्: first
• प्रथमम्: कर्म (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• पुरोहितम्: the household priest; officiant
• पुरोहितम्: कर्म (object/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरोहित (प्रातिपदिक; पुरस्+हित)

• अग्निम्: Agni (fire-god)
• अग्निम्: कर्म (object of समीधिरे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• नरः: men
• नरः: कर्तृ (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्रिषधस्थे: in the three-seated place; on the triple seat
• त्रिषधस्थे: अधिकरण (locus)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रिषधस्थ (प्रातिपदिक; त्रि+सधस्+स्थ)

• समीधिरे: they kindled; they have kindled
• समीधिरे: क्रिया (with नरः as kartā, अग्निम् as karma)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+√इध्

• इन्द्रेण: with Indra
• इन्द्रेण: सह/करण (instrument/association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवैः: with the gods
• देवैः: सह/करण (instrument/association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• सरथम्: on the same chariot; together
• सरथम्: क्रियाविशेषण (manner/association)
• Type: Adjective/Adverbial
• Root: सरथ (प्रातिपदिक; स+रथ)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ (of सीदन्)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• बर्हिषि: on the sacred grass (barhis)
• बर्हिषि: अधिकरण (locus)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बर्हिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सीदन्: sitting down; taking his seat
• सीदन्: कर्तृ-विशेषण / सहक्रिया
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √सद्

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest; invoker
• होता: कर्तृ (apposition to सः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (प्रातिपदिक; √हु)

• यजथाय: for worship; for the rite
• यजथाय: सम्प्रदान (purpose/for)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजथ (प्रातिपदिक; √यज्; ‘worship/rite’)

• सुक्रतुः: of good resolve; wise in ritual
• सुक्रतुः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (substantive)
• Root: सुक्रतु (प्रातिपदिक; सु+क्रतु)