Rig Veda 3.15.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 15, Mantra 4

Sukta 3.15

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (family book attribution)

Devata: Agni (Jātavedas)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; confirm in edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अषाळ्हो अग्ने वृषभो दिदीहि पुरो विश्वाः सौभगा संजिगीवान् । यज्ञस्य नेता प्रथमस्य पायोर्जातवेदो बृहतः सुप्रणीते ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.15.4

Transliteration

aṣā́ḷho agne vṛṣabhó didīhi púro víśvāḥ sáubhagā saṃjigīvā́n | yajñásya netā́ prathamásya pāyór jā́tavedo bṛhatáḥ su-praṇīte ||

Translation

อัคนีผู้ไม่อาจพิชิตได้เอ๋ย ผู้เป็นโคอุสุภะแห่งพลัง จงลุกโพลงส่องประกาย; จงพิชิตเพื่อเราซึ่งหน้าด่านแห่งศุภมงคลทั้งปวง. ผู้เป็นผู้นำแห่งยัญญะ ผู้พิทักษ์รากฐานแรกเริ่ม โอ ชาตเวทัส จงนำเราด้วยดีเข้าสู่ความกว้างใหญ่ไพศาล.

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• अषा॑ळ्हः: unconquered, invincible
• अषा॑ळ्हः: विशेषणम् (कर्तृ-पदस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अषा॑ळ्ह (प्रातिपदिक; a-ṣāḷhá)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृष॒भः: the bull (strong one)
• वृष॒भः: कर्तृ (दीदीहि इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun (used as epithet)
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• दि॑दीहि: shine forth! blaze!
• दि॑दीहि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दी (दीप्/दी; ‘to shine’), desiderative stem दिदी-

• पुरः: in front; forth
• पुरः: अधिकारण (दिशा/स्थान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरस् (अव्ययीभाव/अव्ययप्रयोग)

• विश्वाः: all (things/realms)
• विश्वाः: कर्म (संजिगीवान् इत्यस्य)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: विश्व (सर्व/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• सौभ॑गा: prosperities; good fortunes
• सौभ॑गा: कर्म (संजिगीवान् इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौभग (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good fortune, prosperity’)

• संजिगी॒वान्: having conquered; victorious
• संजिगी॒वान्: कर्तृ (अग्नेः/वृषभस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Participle (perfect active, periphrastic sense)
• Root: सम् + √जि (to conquer) → परिपूर्ण/परस्मैपद-परस्मैपद-परिप्रयोगः; क्तवतु-प्रत्ययान्तः ‘जिगीवान्’

• य॒ज्ञस्य॑: of the sacrifice
• य॒ज्ञस्य॑: सम्बन्ध (नेता इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)

• ने॒ता: leader, guide
• ने॒ता: कर्तृ/विशेष्य (अग्नेः)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: √नी (to lead) + तृ (agent suffix) → नेतृ/नेता

• प्र॑थ॒मस्य॑: of the first
• प्र॑थ॒मस्य॑: सम्बन्ध (पायोः इत्यस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• पा॒योः: of the two protections/guardings
• पा॒योः: सम्बन्ध (नेता इत्यस्य; ‘leader of the two protections/guardings’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पायू (प्रातिपदिक; ‘protection, guarding’; dual form)

• जात॑वेदः: O Jātavedas (knower of births/all beings)
• जात॑वेदः: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (proper epithet)
• Root: जातवेदस् (प्रातिपदिक; epithet of Agni)

• बृह॒तः: of the great
• बृह॒तः: सम्बन्ध (सुप्रणीते इत्यस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सु॑प्रणीते: in good guidance; under good leading
• सु॑प्रणीते: अधिकारण (स्थित्यर्थे: ‘in/under good guidance’)
• Type: Adjective (PPP used substantively)
• Root: सु- + √नी (to lead) + क्त (past passive participle) → सुप्रणीत (well-led) ; here locative