Rig Veda 3.1.20: Mandala 3, Sukta 1, Mantra 20

Sukta 3.1

Rishi: Viśvāmitra

Devata: Agni (Jātavedas)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एता ते अग्ने जनिमा सनानि प्र पूर्व्याय नूतनानि वोचम् । महान्ति वृष्णे सवना कृतेमा जन्मञ्जन्मन्निहितो जातवेदाः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.1.20

Transliteration

etā́ te agne jánimā sanā́ni prá pūrvyā́ya nū́tanāni vocam | mahā́nti vṛ́ṣṇe sávānā kṛtémā́ jánmañ janmanníhito jā́tavedāḥ ||

Translation

โอ อัคนี นี่คือกำเนิดทั้งหลายของท่านอันเก่าแก่; และข้าพเจ้าขอประกาศกำเนิดใหม่ทั้งหลายเพื่อองค์ปฐมกาลด้วย การคั้นบีบ (โสมะ) ที่จัดทำเพื่อพญาวัวนั้นยิ่งใหญ่; ในกำเนิดแล้วกำเนิดเล่า ชาตเวทัสถูกวางไว้ภายใน ซ่อนเร้น รอการจุดให้ลุกโพลง.

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Word by Word

• एता: these
• एता: कर्म (object of ‘वोचम्’)
• Type: Pronoun (demonstrative)
• Root: एतद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• ते: to you
• ते: सम्प्रदान (recipient)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (prātipadika)

• जनिमा: births; begettings
• जनिमा: कर्म (apposition to ‘एता’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनिमन् (prātipadika; from √जन्)

• सनानि: ancient
• सनानि: विशेषण (of ‘जनिमा’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सन (prātipadika; ‘old, ancient’)

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/avyaya)

• पूर्व्याय: to the ancient (one)
• पूर्व्याय: सम्प्रदान (with ‘वोचम्’: ‘to/for the ancient one’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व्य (prātipadika; ‘former, of old’)

• नूतनानि: new (things)
• नूतनानि: कर्म (object of ‘वोचम्’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: नूतन (prātipadika)

• वोचम्: I have spoken / I proclaim
• वोचम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (dhātu)

• महान्ति: great
• महान्ति: कर्म (object of implied ‘(वोचम्)’ / apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (prātipadika)

• वृष्णे: to the bull/strong one
• वृष्णे: सम्प्रदान (for/to the mighty one)
• Type: Noun/Epithet
• Root: वृषन् (prātipadika; epithet of Agni/strong one)

• सवनानि: pressings; Soma-rites
• सवनानि: कर्म (things ‘made/arranged’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवन (prātipadika)

• कृतेमा: these (are) made/prepared
• कृतेमा: कर्म (these made/arranged [rites])
• Type: Kṛdanta + Pronoun
• Root: कृत (PPP from √कृ) + इमा (idam)

• जन्म: birth
• जन्म: अव्ययीभाव-प्राय (distributive with repetition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्मन् (prātipadika; from √जन्)

• जन्मन्: in (each) birth
• जन्मन्: अधिकरण (in each birth)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्मन् (prātipadika)

• निहितः: placed; deposited
• निहितः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (of ‘जातवेदाः’)
• Type: Participle (past passive)
• Root: नि-√धा (PPP: निहित)

• जातवेदाः: Jātavedas (Agni), knower of births
• जातवेदाः: कर्तृ/विषय (subject)
• Type: Noun (proper epithet)
• Root: जातवेदस् (prātipadika; epithet of Agni)