Rig Veda 1.87.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 87, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.87

Rishi: Gautama Rāhūgaṇa (traditional attribution for RV 1.87, Marut hymns in the Gautama corpus)

Devata: Maruts (with Indra invoked as the attainable power in the verse’s inner movement)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; RV 1.87 predominantly Triṣṭubh)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

पितुः प्रत्नस्य जन्मना वदामसि सोमस्य जिह्वा प्र जिगाति चक्षसा । यदीमिन्द्रं शम्यृक्वाण आशतादिन्नामानि यज्ञियानि दधिरे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.87.5

Transliteration

pituḥ pratnasya jánmanā vadāmasi sómasya jihvā́ prá jigāti cákṣasā | yadīm índraṃ śámi ṛ́kvāṇa ā́śatā́d ín nā́māni yajñíyāni dadhire ||

Translation

เรากล่าวโดยอาศัยกำเนิดแห่ง “บิดาโบราณ”; ลิ้นของโสมะ (Soma) เคลื่อนไปข้างหน้าด้วยพลังแห่งการเห็น (cakṣas). ครั้นเมื่อผู้ขับสรรเสริญไปถึงอินทระ (Indra) ณ ที่สงบสันติ, เมื่อนั้นเองเขาทั้งหลายได้สถาปนานามอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ซึ่งควรแก่ยัญ (yajña)—เป็นรูปแห่งเทพที่พึงอัญเชิญ.

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Word by Word

• पितुः: of the father
• पितुः: सम्बन्ध (genitive) / षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ-

• प्रत्नस्य: of the ancient/primeval
• प्रत्नस्य: विशेषण (genitive agreement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रत्न-

• जन्मना: by birth; through origin
• जन्मना: करण (instrumental: ‘by/through birth’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्मन्-

• वदामसि: we speak; we declare
• वदामसि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वद् (वदति)

• सोमस्य: of Soma
• सोमस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम-

• जिह्वा: the tongue
• जिह्वा: कर्तृ (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जिह्वा-

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: क्रियाविशेषण (direction/intensity)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र

• जिगाति: goes forth; advances
• जिगाति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गा (गाति) / √गम् (गच्छति) — वेदिक रूप ‘जिगाति’

• चक्षसा: with the eye; by sight
• चक्षसा: करण (instrumental: ‘with/through sight’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षस्-

• यदा: when
• यदा: कालाधिकरण (temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा

• ईम्: indeed; just
• ईम्: वाक्य-निपात
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईम्

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र-

• शम्यृक्वाणः: the hymn-singers who bring peace/auspiciousness
• शम्यृक्वाणः: कर्तृ (subject: the chanters)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agent noun)
• Root: शम् + ऋक्वन्- (ऋक्वाण-)

• आशत: they attained; they reached
• आशत: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अश् (अश्नोति/अश्नुवते) — वेदिक ‘आशत’

• आत्: then; thereupon
• आत्: सम्बन्ध/अन्वय (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आत्

• इत्: indeed; just
• इत्: निपात
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत्

• नामानि: names
• नामानि: कर्तृ/उद्देश्य (subject of ‘दधिरे’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन्-

• यज्ञियानि: sacrificial; worthy of worship
• यज्ञियानि: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यज्ञिय-

• दधिरे: they have placed; they have established
• दधिरे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (दधाति) — आत्मनेपद