Rig Veda 1.85.7: Mandala 1, Sukta 85, Mantra 7

Sukta 1.85

Rishi: Gotama Rāhūgaṇa (traditional attribution for RV 1.85)

Devata: Marutās (with a supporting action of Viṣṇu as cosmic pervasion/stride)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; typical for Marut hymns)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तेऽवर्धन्त स्वतवसो महित्वना नाकं तस्थुरुरु चक्रिरे सदः । विष्णुर्यद्धावद्वृषणं मदच्युतं वयो न सीदन्नधि बर्हिषि प्रिये ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.85.7

Transliteration

té ’vardhanta svátavaso mahitvánā nā́kaṃ tasthur urú cakrire sádaḥ | víṣṇur yád dhā́vad vṛ́ṣaṇaṃ madacyútam váyo ná sī́dann ádhi bárhiṣi priyé ||

Translation

พวกเขาเติบใหญ่ด้วยกำลังของตนเอง (svatavas) ด้วยความยิ่งใหญ่จึงแผ่กว้าง; ตั้งมั่นอยู่ ณ ฟากฟ้า และทำที่นั่งแห่งภาวะให้กว้างไกล. ครั้นวิษณุ (Vishnu) ขับเคลื่อนโคผู้พุ่งพล่าน—ผู้ไม่ตกจากความปีติอันลุ่มลึก—พวกเขาก็นั่งลงดุจพลังชีวิต (vayas) บนหญ้าพิธี (barhis) อันเป็นที่รัก.

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Word by Word

• ते: they (those)
• ते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अवर्धन्त: grew, increased
• अवर्धन्त: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध्

• स्वतवसः: self-strong, of their own might
• स्वतवसः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वतवस् (प्रातिपदिक; स्व- + तवस् ‘strength’)

• महित्वना: by greatness, through majesty
• महित्वना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: महित्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; महित्व ‘greatness’)

• नाकम्: heaven, the firmament
• नाकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाक (प्रातिपदिक)

• तस्थुः: stood, took their stand
• तस्थुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था

• उरु: wide, broad
• उरु: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उरु (प्रातिपदिक)

• चक्रिरे: they made, fashioned
• चक्रिरे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ

• सदः: seat, session; (ritual) assembly/place
• सदः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• विष्णुः: Viṣṇu
• विष्णुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: when; that (insofar as)
• यत्: —
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• धावत्: ran, rushed
• धावत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: धाव्

• वृषणम्: the bull; the vigorous one
• वृषणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषण (प्रातिपदिक)

• मदच्युतम्: dripping/flowing with exhilaration (soma-rapture)
• मदच्युतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मदच्युत (प्रातिपदिक; मद ‘intoxication/rapture’ + च्युत ‘fallen/flowing’)

• वयः: a bird (lit. winged creature)
• वयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• सीदन्: sitting down, settling
• सीदन्: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: सद्

• अधि: upon, on
• अधि: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• बर्हिषि: on the sacred grass (barhis)
• बर्हिषि: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: बर्हिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रिये: dear, beloved
• प्रिये: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)