Rig Veda 1.31.16: Mandala 1, Sukta 31, Mantra 16

Sukta 1.31

Rishi: Hiraṇyastūpa Āṅgirasa

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इमामग्ने शरणिं मीमृषो न इममध्वानं यमगाम दूरात् । आपिः पिता प्रमतिः सोम्यानां भृमिरस्यृषिकृन्मर्त्यानाम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.31.16

Transliteration

imām agne śaraṇiṃ mīmṛṣo na imam adhvānaṃ yam agāma dūrāt | āpiḥ pitā pra-matiḥ somyānāṃ bhṛmir asy ṛṣi-kṛn martyānām ||

Translation

โอ อัคนี โปรดนำเราสู่ที่พึ่งนี้โดยสวัสดี และคุ้มครองหนทางนี้—หนทางที่เรามาจากแดนไกล ท่านคือความช่วยเหลือใกล้มือ เป็นบิดา เป็นปัญญานำทางของผู้แสวงหาโสมะ (Soma); ท่านคือพลังเคลื่อนไหวที่ทำให้ปุถุชนกลายเป็นฤๅษี (ṛṣi).

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Word by Word

• इमाम्: this (f.)
• इमाम्: कर्म (गम्य/प्राप्य-वस्तु) / लक्ष्य
• Type: Pronoun (Demonstrative)
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (Vocative)
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• शरणिम्: refuge, shelter
• शरणिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरणि (प्रातिपदिक) < √शृ (शरण/आश्रय-भाव)

• मीमृषः: be gracious (to us), grant
• मीमृषः: क्रिया (आह्वान/प्रार्थना)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मृष् (मृषँ/मृष्—‘to be gracious/forgive; to show favor’, Vedic) with reduplication

• नः: to us / our
• नः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (to/for us)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• इमम्: this
• इमम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun (Demonstrative)
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अध्वानम्: path, journey
• अध्वानम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यम्: which
• यम्: कर्म (relative object)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम)

• अगाम: I went / I have gone
• अगाम: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (गच्छँ) with augment a-

• दूरात्: from afar
• दूरात्: अपादान (source)
• Type: Indeclinable (ablatival adverb) / Noun-ablative used adverbially
• Root: दूर (प्रातिपदिक)

• आपिः: help, aid, protection
• आपिः: कर्तृ/विशेष्य (predicate-nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आपि (प्रातिपदिक) < √आप्/आप्नोति (प्राप्ति/सहाय-भाव)

• पिता: father
• पिता: कर्तृ/विशेष्य (predicate-nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रमतिः: forethought, guidance, wise care
• प्रमतिः: कर्तृ/विशेष्य (predicate-nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमति (प्रातिपदिक) < √मन् (मनँ—‘to think’) with प्र-

• सोम्यानाम्: of the Soma-people / of the kindly (ones)
• सोम्यानाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: सोम्य (प्रातिपदिक) < सोम

• भृमिः: support, prop
• भृमिः: कर्तृ/विशेष्य (predicate-nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृमि (प्रातिपदिक) (Vedic: ‘support/prop, stay’)

• असि: you are
• असि: क्रिया (copula)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (असँ—‘to be’)

• ऋषिकृत्: maker of seers / inspirer of ṛṣis
• ऋषिकृत्: कर्तृ/विशेष्य (predicate-nominative)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agentive compound)
• Root: ऋषि-कृत् (समास: ऋषि + √कृ ‘to make’)

• मर्त्यानाम्: of mortals
• मर्त्यानाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृ (to die)