Rig Veda 1.178.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 178, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.178

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जेता नृभिरिन्द्रः पृत्सु शूरः श्रोता हवं नाधमानस्य कारोः । प्रभर्ता रथं दाशुष उपाक उद्यन्ता गिरो यदि च त्मना भूत् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.178.3

Transliteration

jétā nṛ́bhir índraḥ pṛtsú śū́raḥ śrótā hávaṃ nā́dhamānasya kāróḥ | prá-bhartā ráthaṃ dā́śuṣa upāká udyántā gíro yádi ca tmánā bhū́t ||

Translation

พระอินทระผู้เป็นวีรบุรุษ เป็นผู้ชนะในศึกท่ามกลางหมู่มนุษย์ เป็นผู้สดับเสียงเรียกของกวีผู้เพียรพยายาม พระองค์ทรงนำรถศึกออกหน้าเพื่อผู้ให้ทานผู้ใกล้ชิด—เมื่อถ้อยคำสรรเสริญผุดขึ้น หากพระองค์ทรงเป็นเช่นนั้นด้วยเดชานุภาพของพระองค์เอง

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Word by Word

• जेता: the conqueror
• जेता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Epithet
• Root: जि (धातु) → जेतृ (प्रातिपदिक) / √जि

• नृभिः: with/through men (heroes)
• नृभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृत्सु: in battles
• पृत्सु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृत्/पृत्स् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘battle, fight’

• शूरः: the hero
• शूरः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: शूर (प्रातिपदिक)

• श्रोता: the hearer (listener)
• श्रोता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Epithet
• Root: √श्रु (धातु) → श्रोतृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• हवम्: the invocation
• हवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हव (प्रातिपदिक) ‘call, invocation’

• नाधमानस्य: of the imploring (suppliant)
• नाधमानस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Adjective/Participle (genitive dependent)
• Root: नाधमान (प्रातिपदिक; pres. participial stem from √नाध/√नन्ध? in RV sense ‘to cry/implore, be in need’)

• कारोः: of the poet/singer
• कारोः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘singer, poet’

• प्रभर्ता: the one who brings forth/sets in motion
• प्रभर्ता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Epithet
• Root: प्र-√भृ (धातु) → प्रभर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘bearer/leader forth’

• रथम्: the chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• दाशुषः: of the giver/worshipper
• दाशुषः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (donor, worshipper)
• Root: दाशुष् (प्रातिपदिक; from √दाश्/√दा ‘to give, worship, offer’)

• उपाक: near, close at hand
• उपाक: Kartā (if adjectival to subject) / (otherwise modifier)
• Type: Adjective/Indeclinable-like (RV usage)
• Root: उपाक (प्रातिपदिक; RV adj. ‘near, at hand’; also used adverbially)

• उद्यन्ता: the raiser (who lifts up)
• उद्यन्ता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Epithet
• Root: उद्-√यम् (धातु) → उद्यन्तृ/उद्यन्त (प्रातिपदिक) ‘raiser, one who lifts up’

• गिरः: songs/hymns
• गिरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘song, hymn, voice’

• यदि: if/when
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• त्मना: by oneself; with one’s own power
• त्मना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun (instrumental of manner/agency)
• Root: त्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘self, person’

• भूत्: became; came to be
• भूत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)