Rig Veda 1.173.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 173, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.173

Devata: Sacrificial Word/Hotar function in service of Indra’s rite (hymnic context); the verse foregrounds Vāk as mediator

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नक्षद्धोता परि सद्म मिता यन्भरद्गर्भमा शरदः पृथिव्याः । क्रन्ददश्वो नयमानो रुवद्गौरन्तर्दूतो न रोदसी चरद्वाक् ॥

Transliteration

nákṣad hótā pári sádma mitā́ yán bhárad gárbham ā́ śáradaḥ pṛthivyā́ḥ | krándad áśvo náyamāno ruvád gáur antár dūtó ná rodasī́ íti carád vāk ||

Translation

โหตฤ (Hotar) มาถึงและโอบล้อมเรือนที่กำหนดวัดไว้ เมื่อเขาอุ้มพา “ครรภ์” มาจากฤดูกาลทั้งหลายของแผ่นดิน. ดุจม้าที่ร้องฮี้ถูกนำให้ก้าวไป ดุจโคผู้คำรามต่ำ วาจาเคลื่อนไหวอยู่ภายใน—ดุจทูตระหว่างสองโลก—ท่องไปด้วยถ้อยคำระหว่างฟ้ากับดิน.

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Word by Word

• नक्षत्: reached; attained
• नक्षत्: Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नश् (नक्ष्) / √naś

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest
• होता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (√हु + तृ) / hotṛ

• परि: around; all about
• परि: Upapada (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि / pari

• सद्म: the seat; abode; dwelling
• सद्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सद्मन् / sadman

• मिता: measured; duly measured/ordered
• मिता: Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: √मा (मि) + क्त / mīta

• यन्: going; moving
• यन्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Kṛdanta (indeclinable use)
• Root: √या / yan (present participial base used adverbially)

• भरत्: bears; carries
• भरत्: Kriyā (अनु-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भृ / bhar

• गर्भम्: the embryo; germ; child
• गर्भम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ / garbha

• आ: towards; unto
• आ: Upapada (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ / ā

• शरदः: through the autumns; for years
• शरदः: Adhikaraṇa (काल)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरद् / śarad

• पृथिव्याः: of the earth
• पृथिव्याः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी / pṛthivī

• क्रन्दत्: cries out; roars
• क्रन्दत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √क्रन्द् / krand

• अश्वः: the horse
• अश्वः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व / aśva

• न: like; as
• न: Upamāna-marker
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न / na

• नयमानः: being led; led along
• नयमानः: Kartā (विशेष्य-अन्वय) / Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Participle
• Root: √नी / nī (causative/passive participial formation)

• रुवत्: roaring; bellowing
• रुवत्: Kartā (विशेष्य-अन्वय)
• Type: Kṛdanta (present participle)
• Root: √रु / ru

• गौः: the cow; the bull (bovine)
• गौः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो / go

• अन्तः: within; inside
• अन्तः: Adhikaraṇa (स्थान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तः / antaḥ

• दूतः: a messenger
• दूतः: Kartā (गौः इत्यस्य समन्वयः/अप्पोज़िशन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दूत / dūta

• न: like; as
• न: Upamāna-marker
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न / na

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: Karma
• Type: Noun (dual)
• Root: रोदसी / rodasī

• चरत्: moving; roaming
• चरत्: Kartā (विशेष्य-अन्वय)
• Type: Kṛdanta (present participle)
• Root: √चर् / car

• वाक्: speech; voice
• वाक्: Kartā (सम्बद्ध-कर्तृ/अप्पोज़िशन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् / vāc