Rig Veda 1.140.11: Mandala 1, Sukta 140, Mantra 11

Sukta 1.140

Rishi: Dīrghatamas Āucathya (traditional, subject to recension)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इदमग्ने सुधितं दुर्धितादधि प्रियादु चिन्मन्मनः प्रेयो अस्तु ते । यत्ते शुक्रं तन्वो रोचते शुचि तेनास्मभ्यं वनसे रत्नमा त्वम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.140.11

Transliteration

idám agne sú-dhitaṃ dúḥ-dhitād ádhi priyā́d u cit mánmanaḥ préyo astu te | yát te śukráṃ tanvò rocate śúci ténāsmábhyaṃ vanase rátnam ā́ tvám ||

Translation

นี่แหละ อัคนี (Agni) ผู้จัดวางดีแล้ว ยกตนเหนือสิ่งที่จัดวางไม่ดี; แม้จากสิ่งอันเป็นที่รัก ก็ขอให้มีความรื่นรมย์แห่งจิตที่ยิ่งเป็นที่รักยิ่งกว่าสำหรับเจ้า เพราะรัศมีอันสว่างบริสุทธิ์ที่ทอประกายจากกายของเจ้า—ด้วยรัศมีนั้น เจ้าจึงชนะทรัพย์รัตนะเพื่อพวกเรา และเจ้าผู้นั้นเองนำมันมาให้ใกล้

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Word by Word

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (object of implied ‘(इदं) … अस्तु’ / deictic object)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: Sambodhana (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुधितम्: well-set, well-placed, well-arranged
• सुधितम्: Karma (qualifier of ‘इदम्’)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle)
• Root: सु- + धा (धातु) → धित (कृदन्त, PPP)

• दुर्धितात्: from (what is) ill-set / from disorder
• दुर्धितात्: Apādāna (source/point of departure)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (ablative of a state)
• Root: दुर्- + धा (धातु) → धित (कृदन्त) + तस् (abl.)

• अधि: over, upon, above
• अधि: Adhikaraṇa/Upapada (governing relation: ‘over/above’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• प्रियात्: from the dear (thing), from what is pleasing
• प्रियात्: Apādāna (source: ‘from the dear/pleasant’)
• Type: Adjective/Substantive
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)

• उ: and/also/indeed
• उ: (discourse particle)
• Type: Particle
• Root: उ (निपात)

• चित्: even, indeed
• चित्: (emphatic particle)
• Type: Particle
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• मन्मनः: of the thought / of the mind
• मन्मनः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘thought, purpose, mind’)

• प्रेयः: dearer, more pleasing, better
• प्रेयः: Kartā (subject of ‘अस्तु’)
• Type: Adjective (comparative)
• Root: प्रेयस् (प्रातिपदिक; comparative of ‘प्रिय’)

• अस्तु: let it be
• अस्तु: (verbal predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• ते: for you / to you
• ते: Sampradāna/Sambandha (for you / of you)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: that which
• यत्: Karma (object/that which …)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you
• ते: Sambandha (of you)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शुक्रम्: bright, radiant (splendour)
• शुक्रम्: Kartā (subject of ‘रोचते’) / or Karma depending on construal
• Type: Adjective/Substantive
• Root: शुक्रम् (प्रातिपदिक)

• तन्वः: of (your) body, of your person
• तन्वः: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of (your) body/person’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनू (प्रातिपदिक)

• रोचते: shines, is radiant
• रोचते: (verbal predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुच् (धातु) / √रुच् ‘to shine, be bright, please’

• शुचि: pure, bright
• शुचि: Kartā/Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि (प्रातिपदिक)

• तेन: by that, with that
• तेन: Karaṇa (instrument/means)
• Type: Pronoun (instrumental)
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मभ्यम्: to us
• अस्मभ्यम्: Sampradāna (recipient)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वनसे: you win, you gain (for)
• वनसे: (verbal predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वन्/वन् (धातु) ‘to win, gain’ (Vedic) / or √वन ‘to desire’

• रत्नम्: treasure, precious gift
• रत्नम्: Karma (object of ‘वनसे’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रत्न (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: towards, unto; (intensifier)
• आ: (preverb to ‘वनसे’: ‘towards/unto, in’)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Kartā (subject of ‘वनसे’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)