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Prashna Upanishad: Verse 1.12

मासो वै प्रजापतिस्तस्य कृष्णपक्ष एव रयिः शुक्लः प्रणस्तस्मादेत ऋषयः शुक्ल इष्टं कुर्वन्तीतर इतरस्मिन् ॥१२॥

मासः । वै । प्रजापतिः । तस्य । कृष्ण-पक्षः । एव । रयिः । शुक्लः । प्राणः । तस्मात् । एते । ऋषयः । शुक्ले । इष्टम् । कुर्वन्ति । इतरे । इतरस्मिन् ॥

Recitation with translationPrashna Upanishad 1.12

māso vai prajāpatis tasya kṛṣṇapakṣa eva rayiḥ śuklaḥ praṇastasmādeta ṛṣayaḥ śukla iṣṭaṃ kurvantītar itarasmin ॥

मासो वै प्रजापतिस्तस्य कृष्णपक्ष एव रयिः शुक्लः प्रणस्तस्मादेत ऋषयः शुक्ल इष्टं कुर्वन्तीतर इतरस्मिन् ॥

The month indeed is Prajapati. Its dark fortnight is indeed Rayi (matter); its bright fortnight is Prana. Therefore, these seers perform the sacrificial act in the bright fortnight; others [perform it] in the other [dark fortnight].

māsaḥmonth
māsaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootmāsa
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
vaiindeed
vai:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai
Formindeclinable
prajāpatiḥPrajapati
prajāpatiḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootprajā+pati
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
tasyaof it
tasya:
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
kṛṣṇapakṣaḥdark fortnight
kṛṣṇapakṣaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootkṛṣṇa+pakṣa
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
evaindeed
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva
Formindeclinable
rayiḥRay/material wealth
rayiḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootrayi
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
śuklaḥbright
śuklaḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootśukla
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
praṇaḥlife-breath/prāṇa
praṇaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootpra+an
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
tasmāttherefore
tasmāt:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad+smāt
Formindeclinable
etethese
ete:
TypePronoun
Rootidam
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
ṛṣayaḥsages
ṛṣayaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
śuklāḥbright
śuklāḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootśukla
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
iṣṭamsacrifice
iṣṭam:
TypeNoun
Rootyaj
Formneuter, accusative, singular
kurvantithey perform
kurvanti:
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (to do)
Formpresent, 3rd person, plural, parasmaipada
itaraḥthe other
itaraḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootitara
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
itarasminin this other
itarasmin:
TypeAdjective
Rootitara
Formmasculine, locative, singular
  • māsaḥ → māsaḥ (visarga before v)
  • prajāpatiḥ → prajāpatiḥ (visarga before t)
  • kṛṣṇapakṣaḥ → kṛṣṇapakṣaḥ (visarga before e)
  • rayiḥ → rayiḥ (visarga before ś)
  • śuklaḥ → śuklaḥ (visarga before pr)
  • praṇastasmāt → praṇaḥ+tasmāt (visarga→s before t)
  • kurvantītar → kurvanti+itarasmin → kurvanti+itaraḥ (i+i→ī, then itaraḥ+asmin → itarasmin)
  • śukla iṣṭaṃ → śuklaḥ+iṣṭam
Rayi (Matter) and Prana (Life-force) as dual aspects of PrajapatiMahavakya: Establishes the Rayi-Prana duality that underpins the cosmological framework of 'Tat Tvam Asi' — Prana being the conscious principle that leads to Brahman-realizationAtharva VedaPippalada Shakha ShakhaChandas: Anushtubh (Vedic prose-verse hybrid)

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