Rig Veda 8.38.2: Mandala 8, Sukta 38, Mantra 2
Sukta 8.38
Rishi: Śyāvāśva Ātreya
Devata: Indrāgnī
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तोशासा रथयावाना वृत्रहणापराजिता । इन्द्राग्नी तस्य बोधतम् ॥
Transliteration
toṣā́sā ratha-yā́vānā vṛtra-hánā́parājitā | indrā́gnī tásya bodhatam ||
Translation
तोशासौ रथयावानौ वृत्रहणावपराजितौ। इन्द्राग्नी, तस्य बोधतम्॥
Word by Word
तोशासाwith zeal / by encouragement
तोशासा:
करण (adverbial-instrumental: ‘उत्साह/प्रेरणा के द्वारा’)
TypeNoun (abstract) / Adjective (instrumental used adverbially)
Rootतोशास्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘उत्साह/तुष्टि/प्रेरणा’ से) अथवा √तुष्/√तोष् (तोषयति) से व्युत्पन्न
रथयावानाgoing by chariot / chariot-riding
रथयावाना:
कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृ-सम्बन्ध: ‘रथ से जाने वाले’)
TypeAdjective (dual)
Rootरथ- (प्रातिपदिक) + √या ‘गच्छति’ (यावान- कृत्/विशेषण-आधार)
वृत्रहणाVṛtra-slayers
वृत्रहणा:
कर्तृ (विशेषण: ‘वृत्र का वध करने वाले’)
TypeAdjective (compound epithet)
Rootवृत्र- (प्रातिपदिक) + √हन् ‘हनति’ (घ्न/हन्-समास: -हन् → -हणा द्विवचने)
अपराजिताunconquered / invincible
अपराजिता:
कर्तृ (विशेषण: ‘अपराजेय’)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ- (निषेध) + पराजित- (√जि ‘जयति’ से क्त) → अपराजित-
इन्द्राग्नीIndra and Agni
इन्द्राग्नी:
कर्तृ (सम्बोधनार्थक-प्रयोग; क्रिया ‘बोधतम्’ के कर्तृ/सम्बोधित)
TypeNoun (deity name, dual)
Rootइन्द्र- + अग्नि- (द्वन्द्व समास)
तस्यof him/it; his
तस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘उसका/उसके’)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
बोधतम्take notice (you two); be aware
बोधतम्:
क्रिया (आह्वान: ‘ध्यान दो/जानो’)
TypeVerb
Root√बुध् (बोधति ‘जानना/जागना/ध्यान देना’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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