Rig Veda 5.40.9: Mandala 5, Sukta 40, Mantra 9
Sukta 5.40
Rishi: Atri Bhāuma / Atris (collective seer-tradition within the hymn’s self-reference)
Devata: Sūrya (recovered); implicit praise of Atri-power
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical check)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यं वै सूर्यं स्वर्भानुस्तमसाविध्यदासुरः । अत्रयस्तमन्वविन्दन्नह्यन्ये अशक्नुवन् ॥
Transliteration
yáṃ vai sū́ryaṃ svàr-bhānus támasā́vidhyad āsuráḥ | átrayas tám ánv avindan náhy ànye áśaknuvan ||
Translation
यं वै सूर्यं स्वर्भानुस्तमसाविध्यदासुरः । अत्रयस्तमन्वविन्दन्नह्यन्ये अशक्नुवन् ॥
Word by Word
यम्whom/which
यम्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
वैindeed, surely
वै:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (particle)
सूर्यम्the Sun
सूर्यम्:
कर्म (apposition to यम्)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (prātipadika)
स्वर्भानुःSvarbhānu (the demon)
स्वर्भानुः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्भानु (prātipadika; proper name)
तमसाwith darkness
तमसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (prātipadika)
अविध्यत्struck, pierced
अविध्यत्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√व्यध् (विध्) ‘to pierce, strike’
असुरःthe Asura
असुरः:
कर्तृ (apposition to स्वर्भानुः)
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर (prātipadika)
अत्रयःthe Atri-s (sons/descendants of Atri)
अत्रयः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअत्रि (prātipadika; patronymic plural)
तम्him/that (Sun)
तम्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
अनुafter, along
अनु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु (preverb/indeclinable)
अविन्दन्found
अविन्दन्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√विद् ‘to find, obtain’
अहिthe serpent (Ahi)
अहि:
कर्तृ (of अशक्नुवन्)
TypeNoun
Rootअहि (prātipadika)
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
कर्तृ (of अशक्नुवन्)
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य (prātipadika)
अशक्नुवन्were not able
अशक्नुवन्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√शक् ‘to be able’
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