Rig Veda 4.45.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 45, Mantra 5
Sukta 4.45
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)
Devata: Aśvinau (invoked; with Agni/Soma imagery as supporting powers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.45; verify against pada-count in critical edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
स्वध्वरासो मधुमन्तो अग्नय उस्रा जरन्ते प्रति वस्तोरश्विना । यन्निक्तहस्तस्तरणिर्विचक्षणः सोमं सुषाव मधुमन्तमद्रिभिः ॥
Transliteration
svadhvarā́so mádhumanto agnáya usrā́ jarante práti vástoḥ aśvínā | yán níkta-hastas taraṇír vi-cakṣaṇáḥ sómam suṣā́va mádhumantam ádri-bhiḥ ||
Translation
हे अश्विनौ, उषसः प्रत्यागमे स्वध्वरासो मधुमन्तोऽग्नयः प्रति वस्तोरुस्रा जारन्ते। तदा निक्तहस्तः तरणिर्विचक्षणः अद्रिभिः मधुमन्तं सोमं सुषाव।
Word by Word
स्वध्वरासःwell-performing (faultless) in sacrifice
स्वध्वरासः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-ध्वर (प्रातिपदिक) < ध्वर (यज्ञ/अध्वर)
मधुमन्तःhoneyed, sweet, rich in soma
मधुमन्तः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) < मधु
अग्नयःthe fires (Agni-fires)
अग्नयः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
उस्राःruddy/bright (at dawn), shining
उस्राः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootउस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
जरन्तेthey awaken/are active; they glow
जरन्ते:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजॄ (धातु) [जर्-]
प्रतिtowards, in response to
प्रति:
(दिशा/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
वस्तोर्of the dawn/daybreak (lit. of the dwelling/time)
वस्तोर्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootवस्तु/वस्तर् (प्रातिपदिक) < वस् (धातु) ‘वास/निवास’
अश्विनाO Aśvins (dual gods)
अश्विना:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootअश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्when/that which
यत्:
(सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable/Pronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम)
निक्तहस्तःwith hands anointed/smeared
निक्तहस्तः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootनिक्त-हस्त (कृदन्त/समास) < नि+अञ्ज्/निञ्ज् ‘to smear/anoint’ → निक्त (PPP) + हस्त
तरणिःthe overcomer, swift one
तरणिः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootतरणि (प्रातिपदिक) < तॄ (धातु) ‘to cross/overcome’
विचक्षणःclear-sighted, discerning
विचक्षणः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-चक्षण (प्रातिपदिक) < चक्ष् (धातु) ‘to see’
सोमम्Soma (the pressed drink)
सोमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसोम (प्रातिपदिक)
सुषावhe has pressed (well)
सुषाव:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसु+षु (धातु) ‘to press (soma)’
मधुमन्तम्honeyed, sweet
मधुमन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)
अद्रिभिःwith pressing-stones
अद्रिभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि (प्रातिपदिक) ‘stone (pressing-stone)’
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