Rig Veda 4.40.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 40, Mantra 5
Sukta 4.40
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: A highly symbolic formulation; often interpreted as a cosmic principle (associated with Dadhikrāvan/solar-soul-bird imagery in this hymn-context)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
हंसः शुचिषद्वसुरन्तरिक्षसद्धोता वेदिषदतिथिर्दुरोणसत् । नृषद्वरसदृतसद्व्योमसदब्जा गोजा ऋतजा अद्रिजा ऋतम् ॥
Transliteration
haṃsáḥ śucíṣad vásur antárikṣasad dhótā vediṣád átithir duroṇasát | nṛṣád varasád ṛtasád vyòmasad abjā́ gojā́ ṛtajā́ ādrijā́ ṛtám ||
Translation
हंसः शुचिषद्वसुरन्तरिक्षसत्; होता वेदिषत्, अतिथिर्दुरोणसत्। नृषद् वरसद् ऋतसद् व्योमसद्; अब्जा गोजा ऋतजा अद्रिजः—स एव ऋतम्।
Word by Word
हंसःthe Swan (Agni/Sūrya as hamsa)
हंसः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootहंस
शुचि-षत्sitting in the pure (realm)
शुचि-षत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootशुचि + सद् (धातु: सद् ‘सीदति/आस्ते’)
वसुःthe good one; the beneficent (Vasu)
वसुः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवसु
अन्तरिक्ष-षत्sitting in mid-air / the atmosphere
अन्तरिक्ष-षत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootअन्तरिक्ष + सद् (धातु: सद्)
होताthe Hotṛ-priest; invoker
होता:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootहोतृ (यज्-धातु-निष्पन्नः ‘होतृ’)
वेदि-षत्sitting on the altar
वेदि-षत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootवेदी + सद् (धातु: सद्)
अतिथि-षत्sitting as a guest
अतिथि-षत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootअतिथि + सद् (धातु: सद्)
दुरोण-षत्dwelling in the house/home
दुरोण-षत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootदुरोण (गृह/सदन) + सद् (धातु: सद्)
नृ-षत्sitting among men
नृ-षत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootनृ + सद् (धातु: सद्)
वर-षत्sitting in the best (place)
वर-षत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootवर (श्रेष्ठ/उत्तम) + सद् (धातु: सद्)
ऋत-षत्abiding in ṛta (cosmic order)
ऋत-षत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootऋत + सद् (धातु: सद्)
व्योम-षत्sitting in the sky
व्योम-षत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootव्योमन् + सद् (धातु: सद्)
अब्जाःwater-born ones / born from waters
अब्जाः:
कर्तृ (समुच्चित-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootअब्ज (अप् + ज ‘water-born’)
गोजाःcow-born; born from cows
गोजाः:
कर्तृ (समुच्चित-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootगोज (गो + ज ‘cow-born’)
ऋतजाःborn of ṛta
ऋतजाः:
कर्तृ (समुच्चित-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootऋतज (ऋत + ज ‘ṛta-born’)
अद्रिजाःstone-born / mountain-born
अद्रिजाः:
कर्तृ (समुच्चित-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootअद्रिज (अद्रि ‘stone/mountain’ + ज) অথবা अद्रि ‘pressing-stone’ + ज
ऋतम्ṛta; truth/cosmic order
ऋतम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootऋत
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