Rig Veda Sukta 93
Mandala 9Sukta 935 Mantras

Sukta 93

Sukta 9.93

Devata

Soma Pavamāna (Hari/Indu)

Этот краткий гимн Павамане восхваляет Сому в час очищения: он мчится, как быстрый конь, к желобу, сияет и становится пригодным для жертвенного возлияния. Выжимание и процеживание изображены как священная «полировка» сестринскими силами; после неё Сома разливает изобилие, укрепляет жизненную мощь и дарует восхваляющему богатство и безопасный переход по пути жизни.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 9.93

Mantras

Mantra 1

साकमुक्षो मर्जयन्त स्वसारो दश धीरस्य धीतयो धनुत्रीः । हरिः पर्यद्रवज्जाः सूर्यस्य द्रोणं ननक्षे अत्यो न वाजी ॥

Вместе сёстры полируют быка; десять, как луки несущие, — мысли стойкого. Рыжевато-золотой бегает кругом — рождённый от Солнца; он достигает корыта, как быстрый конь, как несущий мощь изобилия.

Mantra 2

सं मातृभिर्न शिशुर्वावशानो वृषा दधन्वे पुरुवारो अद्भिः । मर्यो न योषामभि निष्कृतं यन्त्सं गच्छते कलश उस्रियाभिः ॥

Жаждущий, как дитя среди матерей, бык приводится в движение водами, многопокровный, богатый. Как юноша к деве — к приготовленному месту — он идёт; в кувшине он сходится со светлыми потоками.

Mantra 3

उत प्र पिप्य ऊधरघ्न्याया इन्दुर्धाराभिः सचते सुमेधाः । मूर्धानं गावः पयसा चमूष्वभि श्रीणन्ति वसुभिर्न निक्तैः ॥

И он наполняет вымя неприкосновенной Коровы; Индус‑капля, исполненная благой мудрости, сопутствует потокам. Коровы в чашах помазывают его главу молоком, словно сокровищами, свежевымытыми, — насыщая его сущностью и сиянием.

Mantra 4

स नो देवेभिः पवमान रदेन्दो रयिमश्विनं वावशानः । रथिरायतामुशती पुरंधिरस्मद्र्यगा दावने वसूनाम् ॥

Даруй нам, о Пава́мана Индус, вместе с богами, богатство — быстрое и светозарное, желанное душе. Пусть устремлённая полнота, жаждущая, мчится к нам — к дарованию истинных сокровищ.

Mantra 5

नू नो रयिमुप मास्व नृवन्तं पुनानो वाताप्यं विश्वश्चन्द्रम् । प्र वन्दितुरिन्दो तार्यायुः प्रातर्मक्षू धियावसुर्जगम्यात् ॥

Ныне приблизь к нам богатство, исполненное мужества, о очищающийся, — свежее, как ветер, и всесияющее. Да перейдёт восхваляющий, о Индус, за предел в жизненном пути; да придёт он быстро на заре, богатый вдохновенной силой.

Inside Sukta 93

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Soma is actively refined—‘the sisters’ polish the bull—while inspired thoughts marshal him like bow-bearing powers; he races toward the trough like a swift horse.

  2. Development

    The hymn develops the ritual imagery: Soma’s streaming purification, his solar origin/brightness, and the milk-anointing that increases his fullness and auspicious substance.

  3. Climax

    Soma swells the udder of the inviolate Cow and is crowned/anointed in the bowls—an image of maximum abundance, radiance, and consecrated potency.

  4. Where it settles

    The poet turns to direct petition: may the purifying Indu bring manly wealth, universal shining, and help the praiser cross through life and arrive safely at dawn, rich in inspired substance.

The deity: Soma Pavamāna

  • In the VedaSoma is the bright “drop” (Indu), tawny (Hari), a bull among juices, purified through the filter and made radiant in the bowls; he is anointed with milk, made strong, and set to flow in streams for the gods.
  • Cosmic functionHe mediates between heaven and earth as a consecrated essence: invigorating the gods, sustaining ṛta (cosmic order) through sacrifice, and distributing nourishment, strength, and prosperity to the worshiper.
  • Inner significanceSoma symbolizes clarified consciousness—thought purified of obscuration—so that inner vitality, clarity, and inspired speech can arise; his ‘flow’ mirrors the mind becoming luminous and forceful when refined by discipline.

Famous verses

साकमुक्षो मर्जयन्त स्वसारो दश धीरस्य धीतयो धनुत्रीः । हरिः पर्यद्रवज्जाः सूर्यस्य द्रोणं ननक्षे अत्यो न वाजी ॥
Verse 9.93.1Gives the signature Pavamāna scene: Soma as bull and tawny steed, refined by ‘sisters’ and guided by inspired thoughts, rushing to the trough—uniting ritual process with living power.Read verse 9.93.1 →
उत प्र पिप्य ऊधरघ्न्याया इन्दुर्धाराभिः सचते सुमेधाः । मूर्धानं गावः पयसा चमूष्वभि श्रीणन्ति वसुभिर्न निक्तैः ॥
Verse 9.93.3Highlights Soma’s abundance and consecration: he ‘swells the udder’ of the inviolate Cow and is anointed with milk in the bowls, linking purification with nourishment, brilliance, and treasure.Read verse 9.93.3 →
नू नो रयिमुप मास्व नृवन्तं पुनानो वाताप्यं विश्वश्चन्द्रम् । प्र वन्दितुरिन्दो तार्यायुः प्रातर्मक्षू धियावसुर्जगम्यात् ॥
Verse 9.93.5The culminating prayer: asks Soma to bring manly wealth and universal radiance, and to help the praiser ‘cross beyond’ in life—showing the hymn’s practical sacrificial aim.Read verse 9.93.5 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Purifying (pavamāna) and self-brightening
  • Tawny/golden, swift, and forceful like a steed
  • Bull-like potency and fertility
  • Flowing in streams through the filter into the trough/bowls
  • Giver of wealth, vitality, and inspired intelligence (sumedhā)

Also by this seer

  • Part of the Rigvedic Soma Pavamāna cycle (Mandala 9) celebrating Soma’s pressing, filtering, and empowerment of the sacrificer.
  • Associated generally with the liturgical repertoire used by priests during Soma preparation and offering (graha-taking and libations).

The rite, step by step

  • Press Soma (crush/express the plant) to release the juice.
  • Filter/strain (pavamāna) through the sieve/cloth into vessels (camū/droṇa).
  • ‘Polish’ and clarify the flow—imagined as sister-powers refining the bull-like Soma.
  • Mix or anoint with milk (and related admixtures) in the bowls to increase sweetness and brilliance.
  • Offer libations (grahas) into the fire and to the deities, while reciting Pavamāna verses to consecrate the flow.
  • Conclude with petitions for wealth, vitality, and safe passage/long life for the praiser.

Offerings

  • Purified Soma juice (Indu)
  • Milk admixture/anointing (payas)
  • Optional accompanying oblations typical of Soma rites (e.g., ghee in allied fire offerings)

Frequently Asked Questions

It praises Soma during the moment he is purified (pavamāna)—strained into the vessels, brightened, anointed with milk, and made ready to be offered. The hymn also asks Soma to give wealth, strength, and a protected life to the worshiper.

They are a poetic way of speaking about the refining powers involved in Soma purification—often understood as the waters, the fingers/pressing actions, or the filtering streams that ‘polish’ Soma so he becomes clear and radiant.

In Soma ritual, milk is mixed with or used to ‘anoint’ Soma in the bowls, increasing sweetness and auspiciousness. Symbolically, cows and milk represent nourishment, abundance, and the inviolate source of prosperity that Soma activates for the sacrificer.

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