Rig Veda 3.30.2: Mandala 3, Sukta 30, Mantra 2
Sukta 3.30
- Rishi
- Viśvāmitra Gāthina
- Devata
- Indra
- Chandas
- Triṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Vira (heroism) and Adbhuta (wonder)
न ते दूरे परमा चिद्रजांस्या तु प्र याहि हरिवो हरिभ्याम् । स्थिराय वृष्णे सवना कृतेमा युक्ता ग्रावाणः समिधाने अग्नौ ॥
ná te dūrḗ paramā́ cid rájāṃsy ā́ tu prá yāhi harivo hári-bhyām | sthirā́ya vṛ́ṣṇe sávānā kṛtémā́ yuktā́ grā́vāṇaḥ samidhānḗ agnáu ||
Не далеки от тебя даже высочайшие миры; так приди же, Хариво, устремись вперёд с двумя твоими рыжими (конями). Для стойкого Быка приготовлены сомные возлияния; запряжены давильные камни там, где разгорается Агни.
Word by Word
- न
- notIndeclinableनिषेध (negation particle)Root न
- ते
- of you / yourPronounषष्ठी एकवचन (genitive sg.)Role सम्बन्धRoot त्वद्
- दूरे
- far awayAdjective (used adverbially)नपुंसकलिङ्गे लोकेटिव्/प्रथमा-द्वितीया द्विवचन-बहुवचनरूपसदृशम्; here adverbial ‘far away’Role अधिकारण (adverbial location)Root दूर
- परमा
- highest, supremeAdjectiveस्त्रीलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचनRole विशेषण (to implied ‘गति/स्थिति’ or to ‘रजांसि’ by sense)Root परम
- चित्
- evenIndeclinableअवधारण/अपि-अर्थे (enclitic ‘even’)Root चित्
- रजांसि
- spaces, regions (heavens)Nounनपुंसकलिङ्ग प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचनRole कर्म (with implied verb of reaching/going) / or विषयRoot रजस्
- अतः
- therefore / from thereIndeclinableअव्यय (from here/therefore; Vedic connective)Root अतः
- तु
- but, indeedIndeclinableविरोध/अन्वयार्थक निपात (but/indeed)Root तु
- प्र
- forth, forwardPreverb/Indeclinableउपसर्ग (forth, forward)Root प्र
- याहि
- go, comeVerbलोट् (imperative) मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन, परस्मैपदRole क्रियाRoot या (याति)
- हरिवः
- O you who have tawny steeds (Indra)Noun (epithet)पुंलिङ्ग सम्बोधन एकवचन (vocative sg.)Role सम्बोधनRoot हरिवत् (हरि+वत्)
- हरिभ्याम्
- with the two tawny (horses/steeds)Nounपुंलिङ्ग तृतीया द्विवचनRole करणRoot हरि
- स्थिराय
- for the firm/steadfastAdjectiveपुंलिङ्ग चतुर्थी एकवचनRole सम्प्रदान (purpose/for) (to ‘वृष्णे’)Root स्थिर
- वृष्णे
- for the Bull (mighty one, Indra)Noun (epithet)पुंलिङ्ग चतुर्थी एकवचनRole सम्प्रदानRoot वृषन्
- सवनानि
- pressings, Soma-ritesNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचनRole कर्म (things prepared/offered) / or विषयRoot सवन
- कृते
- when prepared / having been madeParticipleभूतकृत् (कृत) नपुंसकलिङ्गे लोकेटिव् एकवचन; ‘when/after (it is) done/prepared’Role अधिकारण (temporal) / हेतुRoot कृ (कृत)
- इमा
- thesePronounनपुंसकलिङ्ग प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचनRole कर्म/विषय (referring to ‘सवनानि’)Root इदम्
- युक्ताः
- yoked, harnessed, set in placeParticipleभूतकृत् (क्त) पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा बहुवचनRole कर्तृ (of implied ‘(सन्ति)’ / describing ‘ग्रावाणः’)Root युज् (युक्त)
- ग्रावाणः
- pressing-stonesNounपुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा बहुवचनRole कर्तृRoot ग्रावन्
- समिधाने
- while being kindledParticipleवर्तमानकृत् (शानच्) नपुंसकलिङ्गे लोकेटिव् एकवचन; ‘while being kindled’Role अधिकारण (locative/temporal) (with ‘अग्नौ’)Root सम्+इध् (समिधान)
- अग्नौ
- in/at the fireNounपुंलिङ्ग लोकेटिव् एकवचनRole अधिकारणRoot अग्नि
Sandhi Notes
- Sandhi resolution (key points): (1) चि॒द्रजां॒स्या → चित् + रजांसि + (आ) : enclitic ‘चित्’ before ‘रजांसि’
- Vedic phonetic coalescence gives -द्र- in saṃhitā. (2) प्र या॑हि → प्र + याहि (upasarga + imperative). (3) हरिवो॒ → हरिवः (vocative sg. of हरिवत्). (4) सव॑ना → सवनानि (neut. pl.; saṃhitā often shows shortened/contracted pada in recitation). (5) कृ॒तेमा → कृते + इमा (vowel sandhi e+i → e; written as कृतेमा). (6) यु॒क्ता ग्रावा॑णः → युक्ताः + ग्रावाणः (visarga lost before voiced consonant in saṃhitā). (7) समिधा॒ने अ॒ग्नौ → समिधाने + अग्नौ (hiatus retained; both locatives forming a locative absolute sense)
The meaning
Outer meaning
Even the highest regions are not far for Indra. Come forward with your two tawny steeds. For the steadfast Bull the Soma-pressings are prepared; the pressing stones are yoked where Agni is kindled.
Inner meaning
For the illumined Mind (Indra), the highest planes are accessible; distance is abolished by inner power. The ‘two tawny ones’ (harī) symbolize the twin dynamic energies that carry the Indric consciousness—force and speed, or thought and life-force harmonized. The Soma-pressings are the prepared intensities of delight ready for reception by the steadfast heroic power. The ‘stones yoked’ are disciplined faculties (mind-sense-vital instruments) set to the work of extracting essence, and Agni kindled is the awakened will that makes the whole process effective.
Universal truth
When higher consciousness is invoked, the ‘far’ becomes near. But ascent requires yoked instruments (discipline) and a kindled will; then delight can be pressed out and offered as fuel for stable power.
Themes
Soma-ritual logistics, Indra’s approach, Agni-Soma coordination, Inner instruments (grāvāṇaḥ)
The seer
- Rishi
- Viśvāmitra Gāthina
- Lineage
- Kauśika
- Other hymns
- RV 3.30.1-4 (opening movement)
Family tradition
A tradition of dynamic ascent—calling Indra swiftly, yoking energies, kindling Agni, pressing Soma: a complete inner-ritual psychology.
Significance
The seer links Indra’s transcendence (‘highest worlds not far’) with practical yogic means: yoked instruments and kindled will.
The deity
- Devata
- Indra (with Agni co-present)
- Epithets
- Harivaḥ (lord of the tawny ones), Vṛṣan/Vṛṣabha (Bull, mighty)
- Related deities
- Agni, Soma, Maruts
Cosmic role
Traverser of worlds; receiver of Soma; leader in the victory that releases light and abundance.
Inner power
Rapid descending illumination that can seize higher states and translate them into effective force; energized by Soma and supported by Agni.
In ritual
Where it is used
Soma savana with Indra as principal guest; Agni kindling as prerequisite
न ते॑ दू॒रे प॑र॒मा चि॒द्रजां॒स्या तु प्र या॑हि हरिवो॒ हरि॑भ्याम् । स्थि॒राय॒ वृष्णे॒ सव॑ना कृ॒तेमा यु॒क्ता ग्रावा॑णः समिधा॒ने अ॒ग्नौ ॥
न । ते॒ । दू॒रे । प॒र॒मा । चि॒त् । रजां॑सि । आ । तु । प्र । या॒हि॒ । ह॒रि॒ऽवः॒ । हरि॑ऽभ्याम् । स्थि॒राय॑ । वृष्णे॑ । सव॑ना । कृ॒ता । इ॒मा । यु॒क्ताः । ग्रावा॑णः । स॒म्ऽइ॒धा॒ने । अ॒ग्नौ ॥
na | te | dūre | paramā | cit | rajāṃsi | ā | tu | pra | yāhi | hari-vaḥ | hari-bhyām | sth irāya | vṛṣṇe | savanā | kṛtā | imā | yuktāḥ | grāvāṇaḥ | sam-idhāne | agnau
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Swift imperative motion (‘ā tu pra yāhi’); strong propulsion appropriate to arrival and readiness.
Creates urgency and forward drive; helps mobilize energy while keeping it disciplined (yoked stones).
- परमा रजांसि (paramā rajāṃsi)
- Literal: highest regions/worlds. Symbolic: higher planes of consciousness
- हरिवः हरिभ्याम् (harivo haribhyām)
- Literal: O possessor of tawny steeds; with the two tawny ones. Symbolic: twin dynamic powers carrying illumination (harmonized energies)
- वृष्णे (vṛṣṇe)
- Literal: to the Bull (mighty one). Symbolic: steadfast strength of the illumined force
- स्थिराय (sthirāya)
- Literal: for the stable. Symbolic: unshaken inner power capable of holding light
- सवन (savana)
- Literal: Soma-pressing session. Symbolic: a concentrated practice-session extracting delight/essence
- ग्रावाणः (grāvāṇaḥ)
- Literal: pressing stones. Symbolic: disciplined faculties/instruments of concentration
- समिधाने अग्नौ (samidhāne agnau)
- Literal: in the kindling Agni. Symbolic: in the awakened will that makes transformation possible
Soma-savana invitation to Indra; coordinated with Agni’s kindling and Soma pressing.
At the moment of inviting Indra to the pressing when Agni is blazing and the stones are set.
Kindling fire; yoking/setting stones; pressing Soma; invitation to Indra.
Before intense work or practice: kindle will (Agni), ‘yoke the stones’ (set phone aside, posture steady), then invoke clear power (Indra) and let joy (Soma) fuel the session.
rajāṃsi ‘spaces/regions’ (cosmic expanses). hari ‘tawny’ as Indra’s steeds; symbolically paired dynamic faculties. vṛṣan ‘bull’ from √vṛṣ ‘to rain, be virile/strong’ → force that pours power. savana from √su ‘press’ → ritual times and inner pressings. grāvan ‘stone for pressing’ (instrument noun). samidhāna from sam-√idh ‘kindling’ → full ignition of Agni.
Immanence of the divine (no distance to supreme realms), Steadfastness (sthira), R̥ta-work (prepared savanas)
Yoking the stones and kindling Agni depict ordered force—Tapas aligned to Ṛta.
Indra’s access to highest worlds suggests truth-consciousness is reachable by illumined mind.
Extracting Soma where Agni burns: delight emerges through conscious friction and aspiration.
Yoga of ascent and descent: higher worlds near to awakened consciousness; discipline as means.
Savana context (often morning/noon) (general)
Horses = vital-dynamic energies; stones = faculties of concentration; fire = will; upper worlds = higher consciousness.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- Indra’s swift descent/approach to the Soma-pressing: the god of victorious force is ‘not far even from the highest realms’ and is drawn into the rite where Agni is kindled and Soma is extracted.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- The spatial term rajāṃsi reflects archaic cosmological vocabulary for ‘regions’; the imperative invitation (ā tu pra yāhi) is performative. The coupling of fire-kindling (√idh) and pressing (√su) exhibits an inherited Indo-European ritual grammar: ignition + extraction as complementary sacral technologies.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The r̥ṣi prepares the conditions (kṛtā savanā, yuktā grāvāṇaḥ, samidhāne agnau) and then commands approach. Indra is treated as accessible and responsive to right preparation—divinity answering to ordered human aspiration.
Feel the ‘two tawny powers’ as balanced prāṇa and focused thought carrying awareness upward; then invite Indra’s clear descent.
Maṇipūra (power) + Ājñā (clarity) integration
3 rounds: inhale 4, hold 2 (kindle Agni), exhale 6 (stabilize); then 12 natural breaths while concentrating at brow.
Energized, disciplined, upward-moving.
Begin by ‘yoking the stones’: fix posture, align attention, simplify inputs. Kindle will as a steady heat. Then call the higher clarity; let delight arise as a byproduct of concentrated right action.
Rigvedic three-tone; keep imperatives (‘ā tu pra yāhi’) clearly articulated with lifted udātta as marked.
Do not rush sandhi; pause lightly after each pāda to preserve Triṣṭubh swing.
(rajāṃsi): nasal ‘āṃ’, (harivaḥ): light visarga, (grāvāṇaḥ): long ‘ā’ in ‘vā’, (samidhāne): clear ‘dhā’ long vowel
Driving, bright, with controlled breath support.
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