Rig Veda 4.21.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 21, Mantra 8

Sukta 4.21

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वि यद्वरांसि पर्वतस्य वृण्वे पयोभिर्जिन्वे अपां जवांसि । विदद्गौरस्य गवयस्य गोहे यदी वाजाय सुध्यो वहन्ति ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.21.8

Transliteration

ví yad varā́ṃsi párvatasya vṛṇvé páyobhir jinvé apā́ṃ javā́ṃsi | vidád gáurasya gavayásya góhe yadī́ vājā́ya su-dhyò váhanti ||

Translation

When he opens the doors of the mountain and with the streams of plenitude quickens the rush of the waters, then he finds, in the cow-pen, the shining light and its companion lights—when the powers of right discernment bear the plenitude of force toward the goal.

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Word by Word

• वि: apart, forth, asunder
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि- (उपसर्ग)

• यत्: what(ever)
• यत्: Karma (of √वृण्वे) / correl. to clause
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वरांसि: openings, outlets, passages
• वरांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर (प्रातिपदिक)

• पर्वतस्य: of the mountain
• पर्वतस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृण्वे: I open / I uncover
• वृण्वे: Kartā (implicit ‘I’/the singer/Indra in context)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते)

• पयोभिः: with streams (of milk/water), with liquids
• पयोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• जिन्वे: I quicken / I impel / I refresh
• जिन्वे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जिव्/√जिन् (जिन्वति/जिन्वते ‘to set in motion, to quicken, to refresh’)

• अपाम्: of the waters
• अपाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्/आप् (प्रातिपदिक) बहुवचन-स्तेम

• जवांसि: speeds, swift currents/impulses
• जवांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जव (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि- (उपसर्ग)

• दद्: giving / bestowing / finding
• दद्: Kartā (agreeing with ‘गौः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (ददाति) (here: present participial base)

• गौः: the cow (also: ray/light)
• गौः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्य: of this (one)
• अस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• गवयस्य: of the gavaya (wild ox/antelope-like bovine)
• गवयस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: गवय (प्रातिपदिक)

• गोहे: in the cow-pen / in the cattle-hide (enclosure)
• गोहे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो-ह (गो + √हा/ह ‘to leave/abandon’ > ‘hiding-place/pen’; lexicalized) / or ‘गो-ओह’ (cow-stall)

• यदा: when
• यदा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)

• ई: indeed, just
• ई: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ई (निपात)

• वाजाय: for the prize/strength (vāja)
• वाजाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुध्यः: the wise/skillful (ones)
• सुध्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: सुधि (प्रातिपदिक; su-dhī ‘good-minded/skillful’)

• वहन्ति: they carry / they convey
• वहन्ति: Kriyā (predicate); Kartā = ‘सुध्यः’
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वह् (वहति)