Rig Veda 4.21.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 21, Mantra 8

Sukta 4.21

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वि यद्वरांसि पर्वतस्य वृण्वे पयोभिर्जिन्वे अपां जवांसि । विदद्गौरस्य गवयस्य गोहे यदी वाजाय सुध्यो वहन्ति ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.21.8

Transliteration

ví yad varā́ṃsi párvatasya vṛṇvé páyobhir jinvé apā́ṃ javā́ṃsi | vidád gáurasya gavayásya góhe yadī́ vājā́ya su-dhyò váhanti ||

Translation

Jab woh pahad ka darwaza kholta hai, paani tez bahane lagta hai. Woh roshni dhundhta hai, chamak dhundhta hai. Jab log sahi raasta pakadte hain, woh taakat le kar manzil ki taraf jaate hain.

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Word by Word

• वि: apart, forth, asunder
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि- (उपसर्ग)

• यत्: what(ever)
• यत्: Karma (of √वृण्वे) / correl. to clause
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वरांसि: openings, outlets, passages
• वरांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर (प्रातिपदिक)

• पर्वतस्य: of the mountain
• पर्वतस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृण्वे: I open / I uncover
• वृण्वे: Kartā (implicit ‘I’/the singer/Indra in context)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते)

• पयोभिः: with streams (of milk/water), with liquids
• पयोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• जिन्वे: I quicken / I impel / I refresh
• जिन्वे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जिव्/√जिन् (जिन्वति/जिन्वते ‘to set in motion, to quicken, to refresh’)

• अपाम्: of the waters
• अपाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्/आप् (प्रातिपदिक) बहुवचन-स्तेम

• जवांसि: speeds, swift currents/impulses
• जवांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जव (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि- (उपसर्ग)

• दद्: giving / bestowing / finding
• दद्: Kartā (agreeing with ‘गौः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (ददाति) (here: present participial base)

• गौः: the cow (also: ray/light)
• गौः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्य: of this (one)
• अस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• गवयस्य: of the gavaya (wild ox/antelope-like bovine)
• गवयस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: गवय (प्रातिपदिक)

• गोहे: in the cow-pen / in the cattle-hide (enclosure)
• गोहे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो-ह (गो + √हा/ह ‘to leave/abandon’ > ‘hiding-place/pen’; lexicalized) / or ‘गो-ओह’ (cow-stall)

• यदा: when
• यदा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)

• ई: indeed, just
• ई: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ई (निपात)

• वाजाय: for the prize/strength (vāja)
• वाजाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुध्यः: the wise/skillful (ones)
• सुध्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: सुधि (प्रातिपदिक; su-dhī ‘good-minded/skillful’)

• वहन्ति: they carry / they convey
• वहन्ति: Kriyā (predicate); Kartā = ‘सुध्यः’
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वह् (वहति)