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Description of the Forms of Infernal Torments
Naraka Yātanās
अहोरात्रेण चाध्वानं प्रेता गच्छन्ति तत्पुरम् ॥ दुःखितानां ततो दुःखं दुःखाद्दुःखतरं ततः ॥
ahorātreṇa cādhvānaṃ pretā gacchanti tatpuram || duḥkhitānāṃ tato duḥkhaṃ duḥkhād duḥkhataraṃ tataḥ ||
ഒരു അഹോരാത്രത്തിനുള്ളിൽ അവർ യാത്ര കടക്കുന്നു; പ്രേതങ്ങൾ ആ പുരം/ലോകത്തിലേക്ക് പോകുന്നു. ഇതിനകം ദുഃഖിതർക്കു പിന്നെയും ദുഃഖം—ദുഃഖത്തേക്കാളും ദുഃഖതരം.
Ṛṣiputra
It reflects a narrative model of post-mortem transit (preta-gati) common in Purāṇic and Dharmaśāstra-adjacent materials, shaping cultural ideas of moral consequence.
No identifiable earthly location; “that city” refers to an otherworldly destination within the text’s cosmology.
It emphasizes that harmful actions yield continuing and increasing suffering, presenting ethics through a consequential narrative.
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