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Rig Veda 8.7.31: Mandala 8, Sukta 7, Mantra 31

Sukta 8.7

Rishi: Kāṇva (tradition; confirm)
Devata: Maruts (as Indra’s allies; verse queries their fidelity), with Indra central by mention
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify)

कद्ध नूनं कधप्रियो यदिन्द्रमजहातन । को वः सखित्व ओहते ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 8.7.31

kád dha nūnáṃ kadha-priyó yád índram ájahātana | kó vaḥ sakhitvá óhate ||

ഹേ ‘കദ്ധ’യെ പ്രിയപ്പെടുന്നവരേ, ഇപ്പോൾ പറയുവിൻ—ഇന്ദ്രനെ നിങ്ങൾ ഉപേക്ഷിക്കാത്തത് എന്തുകൊണ്ട്? നിങ്ങളിൽ ആരാണ് സഖിത്വബന്ധത്തിൽ നിന്ന് പിന്മാറുന്നത്?

कद्धwhen indeed? / how then?
कद्ध:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकद् (प्रश्नार्थक सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + ह (निपात/एन्क्लिटिक) → कद्ध
नूनम्now; indeed; surely
नूनम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनूनम् (अव्यय) < नू (प्राचीन निपात)
कधप्रियःfond of what? / pleased by what?
कधप्रियः:
Kartā (अन्तर्निहित ‘असि/भवसि’ के साथ) / विशेष्य-विशेषण सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective
Rootकध (अव्यय/प्रश्नार्थक) + प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक) → कधप्रिय
यत्when/that; because
यत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (सम्बन्ध/यत्-प्रत्यय सर्वनाम) → यत्
इन्द्रम्Indra (as object)
इन्द्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अजहतनyou (pl.) did not abandon
अजहतन:
Kartā (युष्मद्-प्रत्ययः ‘यूयम्’)
TypeVerb
Root√हā (जहाति ‘to leave, abandon’) + अ (निषेध/नकार-आगम) → अ-जहातन
कःwho?
कः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootक (प्रश्नार्थक सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वःof you; for you
वः:
Sampradāna (यदि ‘for you’) / सम्बन्ध (यदि ‘of you’)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
सखित्वःfriendship; companionship
सखित्वः:
Karma (ओहते इत्यस्य) / विषय
TypeNoun (abstract)
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक) + त्व (भावप्रत्यय) → सखित्व
ओहतेoffers/undertakes/brings (it)
ओहते:
Kartā (कः) + Karma (सखित्वः)
TypeVerb
Root√ऊह्/√ओह् (वेदिक: ‘to push/bring near; to offer/undertake’) → ओहते

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