Rig Veda 8.18.14 — Mandala 8, Sukta 18, Mantra 14
Sukta 8.18
Devata: Ādityas (protective continuum), with focus on adversary’s downfall under ṛta
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
समित्तमघमश्नवद्दुःशंसं मर्त्यं रिपुम् । यो अस्मत्रा दुर्हणावाँ उप द्वयुः ॥
Transliteration
sám it tám aghám aśnavad duḥśáṃsaṃ mártyaṃ ripúm | yó asmatrā́ durhánāvāṃ́ úpa dvayúḥ ||
Translation
ഞങ്ങളോടു ദോഷം ചെയ്യാനുള്ള മനസ്സോടെ ഇവിടെ വരുന്ന ദുഃശംസൻ (ദുർവചനക്കാരൻ) ആയ മർത്ത്യശത്രു-രിപുവിനെ തന്നെ ഘോര അഘം (പാപം/അപശകുനം) പിടികൂടുന്നു; വൈരഭാവത്തോടെ അടുത്തുവരുന്ന ദ്വയു (ദ്വിമനസ്കൻ/ദ്വിചാരി) തന്റെ തന്നെ ദുര്ഭാഗ്യത്തിൽ കുടുങ്ങിപ്പോകുന്നു.
Word by Word
समित्तम्altogether; most completely
समित्तम्:
Karaṇa (manner/degree) / Avyaya-bhāva
TypeIndeclinable (adverbial) / Adjective used adverbially
Rootसम्-इत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; इत्तम < इत् ‘going/impulse’/इति-त्म?; here adverbial superlative ‘most completely/altogether’)
अघम्evil; sin; harm
अघम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअघ (प्रातिपदिक)
अश्नवत्consumed/overcame; obtained
अश्नवत्:
(implicit) Kartā = understood subject (e.g., Indra/Agni per context)
TypeVerb
Rootअश् (धातु) ‘to eat, consume, obtain’
दुःशंसम्ill-speaking; of evil report; malicious
दुःशंसम्:
Karma (qualifier of मर्त्यम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुः-शंस (प्रातिपदिक; शंस ‘praise/utterance’ with दुḥ- ‘bad’)
मर्त्यम्a mortal (man)
मर्त्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
रिपुम्enemy; hostile one
रिपुम्:
Karma (apposition to मर्त्यम्)
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā (of दुर्हणावान्/उप द्वयुः)
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्मत्राhere; in our sphere
अस्मत्रा:
Adhikaraṇa (locative sense: ‘here/among us’)
TypeIndeclinable (adverb)
Rootअस्म-त्रा (deictic adverb from अस्मद् + -त्रा)
दुर्हणावान्having harmful intent/power; injurious
दुर्हणावान्:
Kartā (predicate adjective of यः)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्-हणावन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; हणा/हण ‘to strike/kill, injure’ with possessive -वत्)
उपtowards; against; upon
उप:
(verbal modifier)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/particle)
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/निपात)
द्वयुःacted duplicitously; made a double attack / sought twofold (against us)
द्वयुः:
(implicit) Kartā = यः
TypeVerb
Rootद्वि/द्वय (numeral base) + desiderative/denominative verb stem द्वयु- ‘to be double-minded / to seek twofold?’ (Vedic)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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