Valmiki Ramayana 2.65.12 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 65, Shloka 12

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चषष्टितमः सर्गः — Daśaratha’s Death Discovered in the Palace

Morning Rites Turn to Lament

Devanagari script

अथ याः कोसलेन्द्रस्य शयनं प्रत्यनन्तराः।ताः स्त्रियस्तु समागम्य भर्तारं प्रत्यबोधयन्।।।।

Transliteration

atha yāḥ kosalendrasya śayanaṃ pratyanantarāḥ |

tāḥ striyas tu samāgamya bhartāraṃ pratyabodhayan ||

Translation

അനന്തരം കോസലേന്ദ്രന്റെ ശയനകക്ഷിയിലേക്കു സ്വതന്ത്രമായി പ്രവേശിക്കാവുന്ന സ്ത്രീകൾ സമീപത്തേക്ക് വന്ന് തങ്ങളുടെ ഭർത്താവായ രാജാവിനെ ഉണർത്താൻ തുടങ്ങി.

Word by Word

• अथ: thereafter
• अथ: सम्बन्ध/कालाधिकरण (Discourse-temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अनन्तर/आरम्भवाचक (thereafter/then)

• याः: who/those (women)
• याः: कर्ता (Karta; subject of pratyabodhayan)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun: 'those who')

• कोसलेन्द्रस्य: of the lord of Kosala (the king)
• कोसलेन्द्रस्य: षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोसलेन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक; कोसल + इन्द्र)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष: कोसलानाम् इन्द्रः)

• शयनम्: bed/couch
• शयनम्: कर्म (Karma; object with प्रति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शयन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• प्रति: towards/at
• प्रति: सम्बन्ध (Directional marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, उपसर्गसदृश-पूर्वपद/उपपद (preposition: towards/at)

• अनन्तराः: close/attending immediately (nearby)
• अनन्तराः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (याः/स्त्रियः)

• ताः: those
• ताः: कर्ता (Karta; resumptive subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; निर्देशवाचक सर्वनाम (those)

• स्त्रियः: women
• स्त्रियः: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: सम्बन्ध (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधान/विरोध-निपात (but/indeed)

• समागम्य: having approached
• समागम्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action; adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-गम् (धातु) + ल्यप् (प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), 'having come/approached'

• भर्तारम्: the lord/husband (king)
• भर्तारम्: कर्म (Karma; object of pratyabodhayan)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• प्रति: towards/again (prefix)
• प्रति: सम्बन्ध (Verbal prefix)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (उपसर्ग)
• Form: उपसर्ग (prefix) used with √बुध्; here separated in sandhi-resolution

• अबोधयन्: awakened/began to wake
• अबोधयन्: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: बुध् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग: प्रति-; causative sense in usage 'to awaken' (प्रत्यबोधयन्)

Context

The women who usually attend to the bed (maids who do the bed in the morning) of Dasaratha (king of Kosala) without any restrictions, approached the king and began waking him up.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Kosala
• Inner apartments (antaḥpura, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as faithful service within one’s appointed role: those responsible for the king’s morning routine proceed properly and promptly.

What is the narrative situation?

Because the king does not emerge, the women attendants of the bedchamber approach to awaken him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Professional propriety and readiness in service—doing one’s duty at the right time and place.