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Atharva Veda 12.2.39: Kanda 12, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 2, Mantra 39

Sukta 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

ग्राह्या॑ गृ॒हाः सं सृ॑ज्यन्ते स्त्रि॒या यन्म्रि॒यते॒ पतिः॑ । ब्र॒ह्मैव वि॒द्वाने॒ष्यो॒३ यः क्र॒व्यादं॑ निरा॒दध॑त्

IAST Transliteration

grā́hyā gṛhā́ḥ sáṃ sṛ́jyante striyā́ yán mriyáte pátiḥ | bráhmaiva vidvā́n eṣyò yáḥ kravyā́daṃ nir ā́dadhat

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Seizable, disordered, are the houses when the woman’s husband dieth; but the knowing Brahman—he alone is to be sought—who hath set the flesh-devourer forth and away.

Translation

സ്ത്രീയുടെ ഭർത്താവ് മരിക്കുമ്പോൾ വീടുകൾ പിടിക്കാവുന്നതുപോലെ അസ്ഥിരവും അക്രമിതവുമായി മാറുന്നു; എന്നാൽ അറിവുള്ള ബ്രാഹ്മണനേ—അവനെയാണ് തേടേണ്ടത്—ക്രവ്യാദനെ പുറത്താക്കി അകറ്റിയവൻ.

Word by Word
ग्राह्याःto be taken/accepted; fit to be seized
ग्राह्याः:
विशेषण (कर्म/भाववाच्य-सम्बन्ध) — ‘गृहाः’ का विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootग्राह्य (√ग्रह ‘to seize/take’ से निष्पन्न कृत्य-प्रत्यय; prātipadika) अथवा ‘ग्राह्य’ विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक
गृहाःhouses; households
गृहाः:
कर्म (सृज्यन्ते के साथ) / विषय
TypeNoun
Rootगृह (prātipadika)
सम्together; completely
सम्:
क्रिया-विशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग)
सृज्यन्तेare released/let loose; are set in motion
सृज्यन्ते:
क्रिया (कर्तृ: ‘गृहाः’)
TypeVerb
Root√सृज् (सृजति) ‘to let go, release, set in motion, produce’
स्त्रियाःof the woman
स्त्रियाः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) — ‘पतिः’ से
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री (prātipadika)
यत्when; that (at which time)
यत्:
सम्बन्धक (काल/निमित्त-निर्देशक)
TypeIndeclinable (relative particle) / Pronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
म्रियतेdies
म्रियते:
क्रिया (कर्तृ: ‘पतिः’)
TypeVerb
Root√मृ (म्रियते) ‘to die’
पतिःthe husband
पतिः:
कर्तृ (म्रियते के साथ)
TypeNoun
Rootपति (prātipadika)
ब्रह्मthe Brahman/priest; sacred power (brahman)
ब्रह्म:
कर्तृ (निरादधत् के साथ) — ‘यः’ का विशेष्य
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (prātipadika)
एवindeed; only
एव:
अवधारण-विशेषक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (निपात)
विद्वान्knowing; learned
विद्वान्:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective (participial)
Rootविद्वस् (√विद् ‘to know’ से कृत्-प्रत्यय; prātipadika)
इष्यःto be sought; desirable; worthy
इष्यः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्य (√इष्/√इच्छ् ‘to desire/seek’ से ‘इष्य’—‘to be sought/desired/fit to be sought’; prātipadika)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ (निरादधत् के साथ)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
क्रव्यादम्the flesh-eater (corpse-devourer); evil spirit
क्रव्यादम्:
कर्म (निरादधत् के साथ)
TypeNoun
Rootक्रव्याद (prātipadika; ‘flesh-eater’, esp. corpse-devouring demon/evil being)
निराout; away
निरा:
क्रिया-विशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनिर्/निस् (उपसर्ग; यहाँ ‘निरा’ रूप)
अदधत्placed; put (away)
अदधत्:
क्रिया (कर्तृ: ‘यः’ = ब्रह्म) ; कर्म: ‘क्रव्यादम्’
TypeVerb
Root√धा (दधाति) ‘to place, put’
Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (verify per Anukramaṇī).

Devata: Brahman/Agni-power against Kravyād (functional devatā: anti-kravyād).

Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh (verify per recension metrics).

Mantra Rasa

Primary: karuna

Secondary: shanta

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