Arthashastra 3.2.45: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 2, Sutra 45
Devanagari script
पुत्रवतीं धर्मकामां वन्ध्यां निन्दुं नीरजस्कां वा नाकामामुपेयात् ॥
Transliteration
putravatīṃ dharmakāmāṃ vandhyāṃ ninduṃ nīrajaskāṃ vā nākāmām upeyāt
Translation
അവളുടെ ഇച്ഛയ്ക്ക് വിരുദ്ധമായി, പുത്രവതിയായ, ധർമ്മനിഷ്ഠയായ, വന്ധ്യയായ, രോഗിണിയായ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ മാസവിരാമമില്ലാത്ത സ്ത്രീയെ സമീപിക്കരുത്।
Word by Word
पुत्रवतीम्a woman who has a son/children (a mother)
पुत्रवतीम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootपुत्रवत् (पुत्र + वत्)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोगः (स्त्रीम् उद्दिश्य)
धर्मकामाम्a woman devoted to dharma and kāma (virtuous and affectionate/sexually willing in a lawful way)
धर्मकामाम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootधर्मकाम (धर्म + काम)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘धर्म’ च ‘काम’ च इच्छति/प्रियौ यस्याः सा
वन्ध्याम्a barren/infertile woman
वन्ध्याम्:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवन्ध्या
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
निन्दुम्to blame, to reproach
निन्दुम्:
TypeVerb (infinitive)
Rootनिन्द्
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भावः; अर्थे ‘निन्दितुम्/अपवादितुम्’
नीरजस्काम्a woman without menses (amenorrheic / not menstruating)
नीरजस्काम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootनीरजस्क (निः + रजस्)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘रजः’ (मासिक-रजः) यस्याः नास्ति सा
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक निपात
नाकामाम्a woman who is unwilling / not desirous (sexually unwilling)
नाकामाम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअकाम (न + काम)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘काम’ (इच्छा/रति) यस्याः नास्ति सा
उपेयात्should approach (here: should not approach)
उपेयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप + इ (एति)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; निषेध-प्रकरणे ‘न उपेयात्’ = ‘should not approach’
Entities Mentioned
H
husbandW
wife/womanFAQs
Non-coercion: sexual access is restricted when the woman is unwilling, with special protection in specified conditions.
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