Rig Veda 8.46.8: Mandala 8, Sukta 46, Mantra 8

Sukta 8.46

Devata: Indra

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यस्ते मदो वरेण्यो य इन्द्र वृत्रहन्तमः । य आददिः स्वर्नृभिर्यः पृतनासु दुष्टरः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 8.46.8

Transliteration

yás te mádo váreṇyo yá índra vṛtrahán-tamaḥ | yá ādadíḥ svàr nṛ́bhir yáḥ pṛ́tanāsu dúṣṭaraḥ ||

Translation

That ecstasy of yours is the most to be chosen, O Indra—most supreme in the slaying of obstruction; you who have taken the heaven-light with the human powers, you who are hard to cross in the battles: make that victorious force active in us.

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Word by Word

• यः: which, that (he/it which)
• यः: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (यः = ‘which/that’ referring to मदः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you, your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (genitive possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्- (सर्वनाम)

• मदः: exhilaration, intoxication (soma-rapture)
• मदः: कर्तृ/विषय (subject: ‘the exhilaration/rapture’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद- (प्रातिपदिक) < √मद् ‘to be exhilarated/intoxicated’

• वरेण्यः: most choice-worthy, excellent
• वरेण्यः: विशेषण (qualifies मदः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरेण्य- (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृ ‘to choose’ (gerundive/adj. ‘to be chosen’)

• यः: which, that
• यः: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (relative, referring to implied ‘मदः/सः’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र- (देवनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वृत्रहन्तमः: the most Vṛtra-slaying, best slayer of Vṛtra
• वृत्रहन्तमः: विशेषण (of the same referent as यः; ‘most Vṛtra-slaying’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृत्रहन्- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Vṛtra-slayer’ + तमप् (superlative)

• यः: which, that
• यः: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (relative)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आददिः: you have taken, you have received
• आददिः: क्रिया (predicate; subject = त्वम्/इन्द्रः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (दाने/ग्रहणे) with आ-; perfect 2nd sg. (Vedic) ‘you have taken/received’

• स्वः: heaven, the light (of heaven)
• स्वः: कर्म (what is taken/obtained)
• Type: Indeclinable (Vedic) / Noun-like
• Root: स्वर्/स्वः (अव्यय/नाम) ‘heaven, light’

• नृभिः: with men, by heroes
• नृभिः: करण/सहकारि (instrumental/associative: ‘with/by men’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘man, hero’

• यः: who, which
• यः: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (relative)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पृतनासु: in battles
• पृतनासु: अधिकरण (locative: ‘in battles’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृतना- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘battle, host’

• दुष्टरः: hard to overcome, formidable
• दुष्टरः: विशेषण (of the same referent as यः; ‘hard to overcome’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्टर- (प्रातिपदिक) < दुर्- + √तॄ/√तॄ (to cross) ‘hard to overcome/cross’