Rig Veda 4.7.10: Mandala 4, Sukta 7, Mantra 10
Sukta 4.7
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional)
Devata: Agni (intensified by Vāta)
Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सद्यो जातस्य ददृशानमोजो यदस्य वातो अनुवाति शोचिः । वृणक्ति तिग्मामतसेषु जिह्वां स्थिरा चिदन्ना दयते वि जम्भैः ॥
Transliteration
sadyó jātásya dadṛśānám ójo yád asya vā́to anu-vā́ti śocíḥ | vṛṇákti tigmā́m ataseṣú jihvā́ṃ sthirā́ cíd ánnā dayate ví jámbhaiḥ ||
Translation
At once, from his birth, his power is seen: when the Wind blows along his flame, he draws out the sharp tongue; even firm foods he tears apart with his jaws.
Word by Word
सद्यःimmediately, at once
सद्यः:
Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसद्यस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < सद्य (तत्क्षण)
जातस्यof the newly-born
जातस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of the born/newly-born’
TypeAdjective (participial)
Root√जन् (जायते) → जात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
ददृशानम्seen/appearing (manifest)
ददृशानम्:
Karma (द्वितीया) — object of an implied perception/description
TypeAdjective (participial)
Root√दृश् (पश्यति) → ददृशान (कृदन्त)
ओजःmight, strength
ओजः:
Kartā (प्रथमा) — subject (‘power/might’)
TypeNoun
Rootओजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्when; that which
यत्:
Adhikaraṇa (निमित्त/काल-सम्बन्ध) — introduces relative clause
TypeIndeclinable/Pronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्यof him/it
अस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of him/it’
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्/अस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक ‘this/he’)
वातःwind
वातः:
Kartā — subject of अनु-√वा
TypeNoun
Rootवात (प्रातिपदिक)
अनुवातिblows along, follows blowing
अनुवाति:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√वा (वाति)
शोचिःflame, blaze
शोचिः:
Kartā/सहकर्ता — co-subject with वातः (wind and flame)
TypeNoun
Rootशोचिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
वृणक्तिturns, bends
वृणक्ति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√वृज्/√वृञ्ज् (वृणक्ति ‘to turn/choose; here: to bend/turn’)
तिग्माम्sharp, keen
तिग्माम्:
Karma — qualifies जिह्वाम्
TypeAdjective
Rootतिग्म (प्रातिपदिक)
अतसेषुin/among the flax-stalks (linens)
अतसेषु:
Adhikaraṇa (स्थानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअतस (प्रातिपदिक)
जिह्वाम्tongue (of flame)
जिह्वाम्:
Karma — object of वृणक्ति
TypeNoun
Rootजिह्वा (प्रातिपदिक)
स्थिराfirm, steady
स्थिरा:
Kartā — agrees with (जिह्वा) understood as subject in next clause
TypeAdjective
Rootस्थिर (प्रातिपदिक)
चित्even
चित्:
— (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात)
अन्नाfoods; fuel (things to be eaten/burnt)
अन्ना:
Kartā — subject of दयते (‘foods/fuels’)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
दयतेyields, gives way, is apportioned
दयते:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√दय् (दयते ‘to divide/apportion; to yield/give way’ in Vedic)
विapart, asunder
वि:
— (modifies following instrumental)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootवि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
जम्भैःwith jaws; with teeth (biting parts)
जम्भैः:
Karaṇa (instrument) — ‘with jaws/teeth’
TypeNoun
Rootजम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
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