Rig Veda 3.48.1: Mandala 3, Sukta 48, Mantra 1

Sukta 3.48

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional for Maṇḍala 3); RV 3.48 often treated as Indra hymn

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सद्यो ह जातो वृषभः कनीनः प्रभर्तुमावदन्धसः सुतस्य । साधोः पिब प्रतिकामं यथा ते रसाशिरः प्रथमं सोम्यस्य ॥

Transliteration

sadyáḥ ha jātó vṛṣabháḥ kanīnáḥ prábhartum ā́vad ándhasaḥ sutásya | sādhóḥ piba pratikā́maṃ yáthā te rásāśiraḥ prathamáṃ somyásya ||

Translation

Immediately upon his birth the young bull came forward to bear the pressed delight; drink of the good Soma according to thy will, so that for thee the first draught of the Somya becomes a mixture rich in essence.

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Word by Word

• सद्यः: immediately, at once
• सद्यः: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सद्यस् (प्रातिपदिक) < सद्य (अव्ययार्थ)

• ह: indeed, surely
• ह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (निपात)

• जातः: born
• जातः: Kartā (वृṣभः का विशेषण/समनाधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (जनि) → जात (कृदन्त)

• वृषभः: the bull (strong one)
• वृषभः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• कनीनः: the young one, youth
• कनीनः: Kartā (वृषभः का विशेषण/समनाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कनीन (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग)

• भर्तुम्: to bear, to carry
• भर्तुम्: Karma (क्रियार्थक-उद्देश्य)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भृ (भरति) → भर्तुम्

• आवदत्: spoke, uttered
• आवदत्: Kartā (वृषभः/कनीनः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वद् (वदति) + आ-

• अन्धसः: of the soma-juice, of the drink
• अन्धसः: Sambandha (सुतस्य विशेषण) / Apādāna-अर्थे (रस/पेय-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्धस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुतस्य: of the pressed (soma)
• सुतस्य: Sambandha (अन्धसः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √सु (सुनोति) → सुत (कृदन्त) / सुत (प्रातिपदिक)

• साधोः: of the good (one), of the excellent
• साधोः: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• पिब: drink!
• पिब: Karma (रस/सोम implied)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा (पिबति)

• प्रतिकामम्: according to desire, as you wish
• प्रतिकामम्: Adhikaraṇa (रीति/प्रकार) / Karma-विशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति + काम (प्रातिपदिक)

• यथा: as, so that
• यथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)

• ते: for you / your
• ते: Sampradāna/Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• रसाशिरः: the juice-mixture, the mixed draught
• रसाशिरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रस + आशिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रथमम्: first
• प्रथमम्: Karma-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• सोम्यस्य: of soma, somic
• सोम्यस्य: Sambandha (रसाशिरः/प्रथमम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सोम्य (प्रातिपदिक) < सोम