Rig Veda 3.4.8: Mandala 3, Sukta 4, Mantra 8

Sukta 3.4

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (attribution for RV 3.4 in the Viśvāmitra corpus)

Devata: Bhāratī–Iḷā–Sarasvatī (the triad of goddesses of inspired speech/illumination), with Agni as mediator

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; standard for much of Mandala 3)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ भारती भारतीभिः सजोषा इळा देवैर्मनुष्येभिरग्निः । सरस्वती सारस्वतेभिरर्वाक्तिस्रो देवीर्बर्हिरेदं सदन्तु ॥

Transliteration

ā bhā́ratī bhā́ratībhiḥ sajóṣā iḷā́ deváir manuṣyébhir agníḥ | sárasvatī sārasvatébhiḥ arvā́k tisró devī́r bárhir idáṃ sádantu ||

Translation

Let Bhāratī come here with the Bharatis in one harmony; let Iḷā come with the gods and with men through Agni. Let Sarasvatī come near with the Sarasvatas; may these three goddesses sit upon this sacred seat (barhis) within us.

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Word by Word

• आ: hither, forth (towards)
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)

• भारती: Bhāratī (goddess)
• भारती: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारती (प्रातिपदिक; देवीनाम)

• भारतीभिः: with the Bhāratīs
• भारतीभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारती (प्रातिपदिक)

• सजोषाः: in concord, gladly united
• सजोषाः: Kartā (as qualifier of Agni)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सजोषस् (प्रातिपदिक; sa-joṣas)

• इळा: Iḷā (goddess)
• इळा: Kartā (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इळा/इडा (प्रातिपदिक; देवीनाम)

• देवैः: with the gods
• देवैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• मनुष्येभिः: with the men (mortals)
• मनुष्येभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निः: Agni (fire-god)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सरस्वती: Sarasvatī (goddess)
• सरस्वती: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरस्वती (प्रातिपदिक; देवीनाम)

• सारस्वतेभिः: with the Sarasvatas (Sarasvatī’s companions/attendants)
• सारस्वतेभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सारस्वत (प्रातिपदिक; ‘belonging to Sarasvatī’)

• अर्वाक्: hither, towards here
• अर्वाक्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अर्वाक् (अव्यय/दिक्शब्द)

• तिस्रः: three
• तिस्रः: Kartā (as qualifier of devīs)
• Type: Adjective (Numeral)
• Root: त्रि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)

• देवीः: goddesses
• देवीः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• बर्हिः: the sacred grass-seat (barhis)
• बर्हिः: Adhikaraṇa (seat/locative sense as ritual ‘on the barhis’ though formally accusative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बर्हिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (object with ‘sit’ = sit on this)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम)

• सदन्तु: let them sit, may they take their seat
• सदन्तु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सद् (सीदति) / sad