Rig Veda 1.3.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 3, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.3

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11; RV 1.3 addressed to the Aśvins in this opening sequence)

Devata: Aśvinau (the Aśvins, dual divinity)

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas × 8 syllables; typical for the opening hymns of Mandala 1)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अश्विना यज्वरीरिषो द्रवत्पाणी शुभस्पती । पुरुभुजा चनस्यतम् ॥

Transliteration

aśvínā yajvárīr íṣo drávátpāṇī śúbhaspatī | purúbhujā canasyátam ||

Translation

O Ashvins, you who come with swift hands, lords of the luminous delight: accept and foster these offerings of the striving soul; you who are wide in enjoyment, become pleased with us and increase our plenitude of force.

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Word by Word

• अश्विना: O Aśvins (the two horsemen)
• अश्विना: कर्तृ (स्तुति/आह्वान के संबोधित)
• Type: Noun (proper, dual)
• Root: अश्विन्- (प्रातिपदिक; नासत्य-युगल का नाम)

• यज्वरीः: the sacrificing women / female worshippers
• यज्वरीः: कर्तृ (वाक्य का विषय: ‘यज्वरीः’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (f.)
• Root: यज्वरि- (यज् धातु से; ‘यज्ञ करने वाली’)

• इषः: refreshments, nourishment (offerings)
• इषः: कर्म (जिसे प्राप्त/आहूत किया जाता है)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष्-/इषा- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘आहार/रस/बल/पोषण’)

• द्रवत्पाणी: swift-handed / with quickly moving hands
• द्रवत्पाणी: कर्तृ (अश्विनौ का विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: द्रवत्- (द्रु/द्रव् ‘दौड़ना/वेग से चलना’ से वर्तमान कृदन्त) + पाणि-

• शुभस्पती: lords of splendor / masters of auspiciousness
• शुभस्पती: कर्तृ (अश्विनौ का विशेषण)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: शुभस्- (नपुं. ‘शोभा/दीप्ति/कल्याण’) + पति-

• पुरुभुजा: many-armed / having many helping arms
• पुरुभुजा: कर्तृ (अश्विनौ का विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: पुरु- (‘बहु’) + भुज्/भुजा- (‘भुजा/बाहु; सहायक/समर्थ’)

• चनस्यतम्: be gracious / grant favor (to us)
• चनस्यतम्: क्रिया (आह्वान/प्रार्थना)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चनस्य- (धातु: चनस्/चनस्य ‘प्रसन्न करना/अनुग्रह करना/सहायता करना’ वैदिक)