Rig Veda 1.113.10: Mandala 1, Sukta 113, Mantra 10

Sukta 1.113

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditionally for RV 1.113)

Devata: Uṣas (Dawn)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कियात्या यत्समया भवाति या व्यूषुर्याश्च नूनं व्युच्छान् । अनु पूर्वाः कृपते वावशाना प्रदीध्याना जोषमन्याभिरेति ॥

Transliteration

kiyā́tyā yát samáyā bhávāti yā́ vyū́ṣur yā́ś ca nūnáṁ vyucchā́n | ánu pū́rvāḥ kṛpate vāvaśānā́ pradī́dhyānā jóṣam anyā́bhir eti ||

Translation

How long is the measure of her season—of those that have dawned and of those that now are dawning? She yearns and moves in sympathy with the earlier ones; shining forth, she goes onward with the others, seeking the glad consent of the powers.

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Word by Word

• कियात्या: by how much / to what extent
• कियात्या: करण (प्रमाण/परिमाण-करण)
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun-like
• Root: कियाति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘कितनी/किस परिमाण तक’)

• यत्: that which / what
• यत्: कर्म (यत् = ‘that which’ as object of भवान्ति/भवति)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• समया: at the proper time / by the appointed time
• समया: करण (समयेन = ‘in due time/at the appointed time’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समय (प्रातिपदिक)

• भवाति: comes to be / happens
• भवाति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भवति)

• या: she who
• या: कर्ता (उषस्/प्रभात-रूपा ‘या’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• व्यूषुः: have dawned / shone forth
• व्यूषुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वस्/√उष् (व्यूष् ‘to dawn, shine forth’; perfect-like aorist/preterite form in Vedic)

• याः: those (f.) who
• याः: कर्ता
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• नूनम्: now / indeed
• नूनम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नूनम्

• व्युच्छान्: dawning / shining forth
• व्युच्छान्: कर्ता (as ‘those dawning’) / विशेषण
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √उच्छ् (उच्छति ‘to shine forth, dawn’), with vi-

• अनु: after / following
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: अनु

• पूर्वाः: the former (dawns)
• पूर्वाः: कर्ता
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• कृपते: falls into order / follows (in succession)
• कृपते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कॢप्/√कृप् (वैदिक ‘to be in order/fit, follow in succession’; here ‘arrange themselves/come in sequence’)

• वावशाना: eager / desirous
• वावशाना: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Participle
• Root: √वश् (वाशयति/वशति; ‘to desire, wish’), reduplicated intens./desiderative-like participial stem in Vedic

• प्रदीध्याना: shining brightly / kindling
• प्रदीध्याना: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Participle
• Root: √ध्यै (to think/meditate/shine; with प्र-; Vedic: ‘shining forth, kindling’)

• जोषम्: delight / favor
• जोषम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: जोष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘pleasure, enjoyment, welcome’)

• अन्याभिः: with the others (dawns)
• अन्याभिः: करण (सहकारि-करण: ‘with the others’)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• एति: goes / comes
• एति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इ (to go)