Rig Veda 4.45.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 45, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.45

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Aśvinau / Dawn-associated movement of the Aśvins

Chandas: Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (probable; requires scansion)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उद्वां पृक्षासो मधुमन्त ईरते रथा अश्वास उषसो व्युष्टिषु । अपोर्णुवन्तस्तम आ परीवृतं स्वर्ण शुक्रं तन्वन्त आ रजः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.45.2

Transliteration

úd vāṁ pṛkṣā́so mádhu-manta īrate ráthā aśvā́sa uṣáso vyùṣṭiṣu | apó-ūrṇuvántas táma ā́ parī́vṛtaṁ svàr na śukráṁ tanvántā ā́ rájaḥ ||

Translation

Upward move your honey-full steeds and chariots in the breakings of Dawn; they unwrap the darkness that has covered all around, and they stretch out the bright heaven-light across the mid-space.

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Word by Word

• उत्: up, forth
• उत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत् (उपसर्ग) / ud-

• वाम्: you two (as object)
• वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक) / yuṣmad-

• पृक्षासः: the refreshers/strengtheners
• पृक्षासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृक्षा- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sprinkling/refreshing, strengthening’)

• मधुमन्तः: honeyed, sweet
• मधुमन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुमन्त्- (प्रातिपदिक) < मधु

• ईरते: move, are set in motion
• ईरते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईर् (धातु) / īr ‘to set in motion, to impel’

• रथाः: chariots
• रथाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अश्वासः: horses
• अश्वासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व- (प्रातिपदिक)

• उषसः: of Dawn
• उषसः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्युष्टिषु: in the dawnings
• व्युष्टिषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्युष्टि- (प्रातिपदिक) < वि+उष् ‘to dawn, shine forth’

• अपोर्णुवन्तः: uncovering, opening
• अपोर्णुवन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: अप + उर्णु (धातु) / ūrṇu ‘to uncover, open, unroll’

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• परीवृतम्: enveloped, wrapped around
• परीवृतम्: Karma
• Type: Participle
• Root: परि + वृत् (धातु) / vṛt ‘to cover, enclose’

• स्वः: sunlight, heaven’s light
• स्वः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर्/स्वस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sunlight, heaven’)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• शुक्रम्: bright, radiant
• शुक्रम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: शुक्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• तन्वन्तः: spreading, extending
• तन्वन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: तन् (धातु) / tan ‘to stretch, spread’

• आ: towards, forth
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• रजः: the expanse/space (the airy region)
• रजः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘space, region; dust/mist’)