Rig Veda 2.19.2: Mandala 2, Sukta 19, Mantra 2

Sukta 2.19

Rishi: Gṛtsamada

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अस्य मन्दानो मध्वो वज्रहस्तोऽहिमिन्द्रो अर्णोवृतं वि वृश्चत् । प्र यद्वयो न स्वसराण्यच्छा प्रयांसि च नदीनां चक्रमन्त ॥

Transliteration

asyá mandānó mádhvo vájrahasto 'hím índro arṇóvṛtaṃ ví vṛścat | prá yád váyo ná svásarāṇy ácchā práyāṃsi ca nadī́nāṃ cákramanta ||

Translation

Rejoicing in this sweetness, Indra, the wielder of the thunder-force, cut apart the serpent who had covered the flood. Then, like birds to their own streams, the movements and forward rushes of the rivers set themselves in motion.

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Word by Word

• अस्य: of this (one); of him
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मन्दानः: rejoicing; exhilarated
• मन्दानः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: मन्द् (धातु) → मन्दान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• मध्वः: of honey/sweet drink (soma)
• मध्वः: सम्बन्ध (genitive) / हेतुः (by reason of)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• वज्रहस्तः: whose hand holds the vajra
• वज्रहस्तः: कर्तृ (as subject-epithet)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: वज्र-हस्त (समास-प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-प्राय)

• अहिम्: the serpent (Vṛtra)
• अहिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहि (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्णः: the flood; the waters
• अर्णः: कर्म (object of ‘released/let flow’ sense with following verb)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्णस्/अर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘flood, wave, water’)

• वृतम्: the obstructing barrier; the enclosed (blockage)
• वृतम्: कर्म (object: ‘the obstructing/obstructed [thing]’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle used substantively
• Root: वृत (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक from √वृ ‘to cover, obstruct’)

• वि: apart; asunder
• वि: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वृश्चत्: he cut; he cleft
• वृश्चत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृश्च् (छेदने)

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यत्: when; that which
• यत्: सम्बन्ध/अव्ययीभाव (clausal link)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वयः: a bird; (lit.) winged creature
• वयः: उपमान (in simile with ‘न’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like; as
• न: उपमान-सूचक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• स्वसाराणि: sisters
• स्वसाराणि: कर्म (those approached/attained)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वसृ (प्रातिपदिक) → स्वसार (स्त्री)

• अच्छा: towards; straight to
• अच्छा: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छा (अव्यय)

• प्र: forth
• प्र: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यांसि: paths; courses; goings
• यांसि: कर्म
• Type: Noun (action-noun/participle used substantively)
• Root: √या (गत्यर्थे) → यांस्/यांसि (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ‘going’)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• नदीनाम्: of the rivers
• नदीनाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)

• चक्रमन्त: they strode/moved; they set in motion
• चक्रमन्त: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √क्रम् (गत्यर्थे) with preverb चक्/चक्र- (reduplicated aorist base)