Rig Veda 10.91.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 91, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.91

Rishi: Aruṇa Vaitahavya (aruṇavaitahavya)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Nicṛj Jagatī

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रजानन्नग्ने तव योनिमृत्वियमिळायास्पदे घृतवन्तमासदः । आ ते चिकित्र उषसामिवेतयोऽरेपसः सूर्यस्येव रश्मयः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.91.4

Transliteration

pra-jā́nann agne táva yónim ṛtviyám iḷā́yāḥ padé ghṛtávantam ā́sadaḥ | ā́ te cikitre uṣásām ivá etáyo ’répasaḥ sū́ryasya iva raśmáyaḥ ||

Translation

Knowing, O Agni, your season-right womb, they have sat down upon the step of Iḷā, rich with clarity and sweetness. Toward you the stainless impulses move—like the goings of the Dawns, like the Sun’s rays—seeking your illumined presence.

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Word by Word

• प्रजानन्: knowing, recognizing
• प्रजानन्: Kartā (of आसदः)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: प्र-√ज्ञा (जानाति)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: (Sambodhana)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि-

• तव: of you, your
• तव: Śeṣa (possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्- (युष्मद्)

• योनिम्: womb; seat; abode
• योनिम्: Karma (of आसदः) / goal approached
• Type: Noun
• Root: योनि-

• ऋत्वियम्: ritual, belonging to the rite; priestly
• ऋत्वियम्: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier) / Karma-context
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋत्विय-

• इळायाः: of Iḷā (the divine/ritual nourishment; Ida)
• इळायाः: Śeṣa (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इळा-

• पदे: in/at the place, station
• पदे: Adhikaraṇa (locus)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद-

• घृतवन्तम्: rich in ghee, ghee-bearing
• घृतवन्तम्: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of योनिम्) / Karma-context
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घृतवत्-

• आसदः: they sat down; they approached
• आसदः: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-√सद् (सीदति/सदति)

• आ: towards; hither
• आ: Upasarga (with चिकित्र) / discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb) / particle
• Root: आ

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradāna (recipient)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्- (युष्मद्)

• चिकित्रे: has shone forth; has appeared clearly
• चिकित्रे: Kriyā (verb of shining/appearing)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (केतने) with reduplication (चिकित्र-)

• उषसाम्: of the dawns
• उषसाम्: Śeṣa (comparison base with इव) / genitive of relation
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस्-

• इव: like
• इव: Upamāna-marker
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• इतयः: goings/motions; (here) gleams, flashes
• इतयः: Kartā (of चिकित्रे, in sense ‘lights/rays have shone’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इति- (इति/इत्) → इति-?; Vedic इतयः as noun

• अरेपसः: spotless, stainless
• अरेपसः: Kartā (apposition to इतयः/रश्मयः)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अ-रेपस्-

• सूर्यस्य: of the Sun
• सूर्यस्य: Śeṣa (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य-

• इव: like
• इव: Upamāna-marker
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• रश्मयः: rays
• रश्मयः: Kartā (apposition/identification with इतयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रश्मि-