Rig Veda 10.49.7: Mandala 10, Sukta 49, Mantra 7

Sukta 10.49

Rishi: As RV 10.49 (same hymn unit)

Devata: Indra (in solar relation)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अहं सूर्यस्य परि याम्याशुभिः प्रैतशेभिर्वहमान ओजसा । यन्मा सावो मनुष आह निर्णिज ऋधक्कृषे दासं कृत्व्यं हथैः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.49.7

Transliteration

ahaṃ sū́ryasya pári yāmy āśúbhiḥ práitaśebhir váhamāna ójasā | yán mā sā́vo mánuṣa ā́ha nírṇije ṛ́dhak kṛ́ṣe dā́saṃ kṛ́tvyaṃ háthaiḥ ||

Translation

I move around the Sun, borne by swift powers, drawn by the bright steeds, carried by might. When the human impeller calls me for the revealing splendour, I separate out and crush the hostile dark force, the one fit to be made powerless, by decisive blows.

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Word by Word

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (Pronoun)
• Root: अहम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सूर्यस्य: of the Sun
• सूर्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around
• परि: अधिकारण/दिशा-सम्बन्ध (परितः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यामि: I go / I move
• यामि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)

• आशुभिः: with the swift (ones)
• आशुभिः: करण
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: आशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रैतशेभिः: with the prai­taśa (steeds)
• प्रैतशेभिः: करण
• Type: Noun/Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: प्रैतश (प्रातिपदिक; ‘dappled/bright’—esp. of horses)

• वहमानः: being borne / riding
• वहमानः: कर्तृ (विशेषण)
• Type: Participle
• Root: वह् (धातु) + शानच्

• ओजसा: with might / by strength
• ओजसा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओजस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: that which
• यत्: कर्म (यद्-तद् सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मा: me
• मा: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अहम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सावः: the incitement / impulse
• सावः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: साव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impulsion/instigation’, also ‘pressing/drive’)

• मनुषः: of Manu / of man
• मनुषः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनु (प्रातिपदिक) → मनुष (वृत्त्यन्त)

• आह: said
• आह: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्/आह् (धातु; ‘to say’)

• निर्णिजः: of the covering/armour
• निर्णिजः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्णिज् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘garment/armour, covering, splendour’)

• ऋधक्: apart, separately
• ऋधक्: अधिकारण (रीत्या)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ऋधक् (अव्यय)

• कृषे: I make / I do
• कृषे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु; ‘to do/make’)

• दासम्: a Dāsa / enemy
• दासम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: दास (प्रातिपदिक)

• कृत्व्यम्: to be done / fit to be made (subdued)
• कृत्व्यम्: कर्म (विशेषण)
• Type: Verbal adjective (gerundive)
• Root: कृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (भाव्य/कर्तव्य)

• हथैः: with blows / with weapons
• हथैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: हथ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘blow/weapon, stroke’)