Rig Veda 10.40.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 40, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.40

Devata: Aśvinau

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रातर्जरेथे जरणेव कापया वस्तोर्वस्तोर्यजता गच्छथो गृहम् । कस्य ध्वस्रा भवथः कस्य वा नरा राजपुत्रेव सवनाव गच्छथः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.40.3

Transliteration

prātár jarethe jaraṇéva kā́payā vástoḥ-vastor yajatā́ gacchatho gṛhám | kásya dhvasrā́ bhavathaḥ kásya vā narā rāja-putréva savánāv áva gacchathaḥ ||

Translation

At dawn you awaken like an aged woman with her trembling; at each evening and each dawn you, worthy of worship, go to the house. Whose are you as the close companions, whose indeed, O heroes—like princes you go down to the pressings (the savanas).

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Word by Word

• प्रातः: in the morning
• प्रातः: Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रातः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < प्राति/प्रभात-सम्बन्ध

• जरेथे: you two grow old / become aged
• जरेथे: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: जॄ (धातु) ‘to age, become old’

• जरुणा: with old age / as (one) aged
• जरुणा: Karaṇa (उपमान/साधनभाव: ‘with/like’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: जरुण (प्रातिपदिक) < जॄ

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• कापया: like a monkey
• कापया: Karaṇa (उपमान-तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कापि/कापय (प्रातिपदिक) (RV: ‘monkey’)

• वस्तोः: of the day / of the dwelling
• वस्तोः: Adhikaraṇa (काल/पर्याय: ‘of each day’ in repetition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वस्तु/वस्तु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dwelling, house; day’ (RV usage) अथवा वस् (धातु) ‘to dwell’ से

• वस्तोः: day by day
• वस्तोः: Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वस्तु/वस्तु (प्रातिपदिक)

• यजता: worshipful, worthy of sacrifice
• यजता: Karma (गन्तव्य-गृहं विशेषयति: ‘to the worshipful [homes]’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यजत (प्रातिपदिक) < यज् ‘to worship’

• गच्छथो: you two go
• गच्छथो: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) ‘to go’

• गृहम्: to the house/home
• गृहम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह (प्रातिपदिक)

• कस्य: of whom? whose?
• कस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी: ‘whose’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ध्वस्रा: (you two) are the perishing/decaying ones
• ध्वस्रा: Kartā (नामरूपेण: ‘(you two) are …’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: ध्वस्र (प्रातिपदिक) ‘decay, ruin; perishing’

• भवथः: you two are / become
• भवथः: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु) ‘to be, become’

• कस्य: of whom? whose?
• कस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वा: or
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• नरा: O two men (heroes)
• नरा: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)

• राजपुत्रा: like two princes
• राजपुत्रा: Kartā (उपमान-प्रथमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) ‘king’s son, prince’

• इव: like
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• सवनाव्: to the two Soma-pressings (libation-times)
• सवनाव्: Karma (गन्तव्य-काल/अवसर: ‘to the two pressings’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवन (प्रातिपदिक) ‘pressing, Soma-pressing; libation-time’

• गच्छथः: you two go
• गच्छथः: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)