Sukta 84
Sukta 9.84
Ascribed in RV 9 to Pavāmāna seers.
Likely Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (verify against full hymn).
This short Pavāmāna hymn celebrates Soma in the very act of purification—moving through the waters and straining—so that his clarified essence may energize Indra, harmonize with Varuṇa’s order, and be borne by Vāyu. The poet asks Soma to create “wide space” (varivas) and well-being (svasti), portraying the filtered juice as lightning-swift, sun-finding, and wealth-conquering, uplifting the “divine people” (daivya janam) within and around the sacrificer.
In this hymn
Addressed to
Mantras
Mantra 1
पवस्व देवमादनो विचर्षणिरप्सा इन्द्राय वरुणाय वायवे । कृधी नो अद्य वरिवः स्वस्तिमदुरुक्षितौ गृणीहि दैव्यं जनम् ॥
अपने आप को साफ कर, देवताओं को खुश कर। पानी में रहता है तू, बड़े चलने वाला है। इंद्र के लिए, वरुण के लिए, वायु के लिए। आज हमारे लिए जगह बना दे, जहाँ सब ठीक रहे। बड़े घर में देवताओं की जनता को उठा।
Mantra 2
आ यस्तस्थौ भुवनान्यमर्त्यो विश्वानि सोमः परि तान्यर्षति । कृण्वन्त्संचृतं विचृतमभिष्टय इन्दुः सिषक्त्युषसं न सूर्यः ॥
जो मरता नहीं, वो सोम दुनिया के ऊपर खड़ा है। सारी दुनिया को घेर लेता है वो। बिखरी हुई चीज़ों को जोड़ के एक कर देता है हमारे काम के लिए। चमकता हुआ सोम अंदर का उषा जगा देता है, जैसे सूरज सुबह को आसमान में लाता है।
Mantra 3
आ यो गोभिः सृज्यत ओषधीष्वा देवानां सुम्न इषयन्नुपावसुः । आ विद्युता पवते धारया सुत इन्द्रं सोमो मादयन्दैव्यं जनम् ॥
जिसे किरणों के साथ छोड़ा जाता है, वो पौधों में जाता है। देवताओं की खुशी आगे बढ़ाता है, पास वली दौलत बन के। सोम बिजली की तरह तेज़ बहता है जब उस्से निचोड़ा जाता है। इंद्र को और देवताओं की जनता को खुश कर देता है।
Mantra 4
एष स्य सोमः पवते सहस्रजिद्धिन्वानो वाचमिषिरामुषर्बुधम् । इन्दुः समुद्रमुदियर्ति वायुभिरेन्द्रस्य हार्दि कलशेषु सीदति ॥
यह सोम रस साफ हो रहा है। यह हज़ारों बार जीता है। यह बोलने की शक्ति देता है, जल्दी समझ आता है और सुबह जगा देता है। यह चमकदार रस हवा के साथ समुंदर को उठाता है। फिर इंद्र के दिल में पानी के बर्तन में बैठ जाता है।
Mantra 5
अभि त्यं गावः पयसा पयोवृधं सोमं श्रीणन्ति मतिभिः स्वर्विदम् । धनंजयः पवते कृत्व्यो रसो विप्रः कविः काव्येना स्वर्चनाः ॥
किरणें उस सोम रस में दूध मिला रही हैं। यह रस दूध को बढ़ाता है और सूरज की दुनिया तक ले जाता है। यह धन जीतने वाला रस साफ हो रहा है, जो काम करता है। रिशि कवि अपनी सोच से खुद से चमकता है।
Inside Sukta 84
How it unfolds
- Where it opens
A direct imperative to Soma: purify yourself for the gods—specifically for Indra, Varuṇa, and Vāyu—while granting the sacrificer spaciousness and well-being.
- Development
Soma’s movement is pictured as cosmic and dynamic: released with the ‘cows’/rays into the plants, rushing in a bright current, bringing near the gods’ favor and wealth.
- Climax
The pressed Soma flashes forth in streaming force and intoxicates/empowers Indra, uplifting the daivya janam—divine powers conceived both as gods and as inner luminous faculties.
- Where it settles
The hymn seals the vision of Soma as sun-finding and self-luminous: strengthened by the ‘milk’ of the rays, he becomes the effective rasa, wealth-conqueror, and inspired seer-poet shining by his own light.
The deity: Soma Pavāmāna, with offerings directed toward Indra, Varuṇa, and Vāyu
- Cosmic functionAs the luminous, vital essence, Soma mediates between earth and heaven: he quickens Indra for victorious power, supports Varuṇa’s ṛta (order) through purity and clarity, and moves with Vāyu as the breath-wind that carries the offering to the gods.
- Inner significanceSoma Pavāmāna symbolizes the refinement of consciousness: raw impulse is strained into a clear, potent rasa that expands inner ‘space’ (varivas), brings well-being (svasti), awakens solar insight (svar-vid), and strengthens the divine faculties (daivya janam).
The seer
- Pavāmāna (Soma-filtering) seer(s) of Mandala 9 (exact rishi for RV 9.84 not securely resolved)Mandala 9’s composers specialize in Soma-Pavāmāna praise: hymns keyed to the pressing, filtering, and enlivening of Soma as a ritual and cosmic process.
Famous verses
कृधी नो अद्य वरिवः स्वस्तिमत् (kṛdhī no adya varivaḥ svastimat)इन्द्रं सोमो मादयन् (indraṃ somo mādayan)स्वर्विदम् (svarvidam)Attributes of the deity
- Purifying/clarifying power (pavāmāna)
- Water-dwelling and stream-flowing (apsu, dhārā)
- Lightning-swift vitality (vidyutā)
- Indra-intoxicating/empowering (mādayan indram)
- Sun-finding illumination (svar-vid)
- Wealth- and victory-bringing (dhanaṃjaya)
- Seer-like poetic intelligence (vipra, kavi)
Also by this seer
- Numerous Soma Pavāmāna hymns across Rig Veda Mandala 9 (collectively attributed to multiple families such as the Kaṇvas, Atri-s, and others).
The rite, step by step
- Press Soma with stones; collect the expressed juice.
- Mix/strengthen with water and ‘milk’ (often interpreted as milk/curds symbolically and/or the ‘cows’ as rays).
- Filter through the strainer (pavitra) into a flowing stream (dhārā).
- Recite Pavāmāna verses as Soma runs, inviting Indra, Varuṇa, and Vāyu to partake.
- Offer libations into the fire and/or into the appropriate Soma cups; conclude with prayers for wide space (varivas) and well-being (svasti).
Offerings
- Purified Soma juice (suta/pavitra Soma)
- Water for washing/flowing purification
- Milk/curds or symbolic ‘milk of the cows’ (payas) in Soma preparation (tradition-dependent)
- Ghee and accompanying oblations as part of the Soma rite
Frequently Asked Questions
The hymn’s main deity is Soma Pavāmāna—Soma in the act of being purified and clarified. The hymn also names Indra, Varuṇa, and Vāyu as recipients or closely linked powers.
On the ritual level it refers to Soma being washed, mixed, and filtered as it flows. Symbolically it points to inner purification—refining life-energy and thought into a clear, luminous essence.
It asks for varivas (a wide, unhindered space for life) and svasti (well-being). It also seeks strength and upliftment of the divine powers—especially Indra’s victorious energy and the inner ‘daivya janam’.
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