Sukta 54
Sukta 4.54
Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Mandala 4; hymn 4.54 commonly ascribed to Vāmadeva)
Triṣṭubh (probable; RV 4.54 is predominantly Triṣṭubh in tradition—verify at pada-count level for critical editions)
This short hymn praises Savitṛ as the divine Impeller who awakens worship, apportions treasures, and establishes the best “draviṇa” (substance, power, prosperity) in the worshipper. It stresses the immeasurable reach of Savitṛ’s true impulsion—from earth’s breadth to heaven’s height—and ends by invoking a wider circle of deities for protection and peace through Savitṛ’s thrice-daily stirrings of good fortune.
In this hymn
Addressed to
Mantras
Mantra 1
अभूद्देवः सविता वन्द्यो नु न इदानीमह्न उपवाच्यो नृभिः । वि यो रत्ना भजति मानवेभ्यः श्रेष्ठं नो अत्र द्रविणं यथा दधत् ॥
अब सविता भगवान की पूजा करनी चाहिए। आज ही लोग उन्हे बुला रहे हैं। वो इंसानों को अंदर की दौलत बाँटते हैं। वो यहाँ हमें सबसे अच्छी दौलत और शक्ति दें।
Mantra 2
देवेभ्यो हि प्रथमं यज्ञियेभ्योऽमृतत्वं सुवसि भागमुत्तमम् । आदिद्दामानं सवितर्व्यूर्णुषेऽनूचीना जीविता मानुषेभ्यः ॥
पहले भगवान लोगों के लिए अमरत्व का हिस्सा चलाते हैं। फिर सविता नियम बनाते हैं। उसके बाद वो इंसानों के लिए जीवन की धारें बहा देते हैं।
Mantra 3
अचित्ती यच्चकृमा दैव्ये जने दीनैर्दक्षैः प्रभूती पूरुषत्वता । देवेषु च सवितर्मानुषेषु च त्वं नो अत्र सुवतादनागसः ॥
भगवान, हमने बिना समझे जो गलतियाँ की हैं, जो कमियाँ रह गई हैं, वो सब माफ कर दो। देवियों में और इंसानों में, हमें सही राह पे चला। हमें ऐसा बना दे कि हम किसी का बुरा न करें।
Mantra 4
न प्रमिये सवितुर्दैव्यस्य तद्यथा विश्वं भुवनं धारयिष्यति । यत्पृथिव्या वरिमन्ना स्वङ्गुरिर्वर्ष्मन्दिवः सुवति सत्यमस्य तत् ॥
सवितर की ताकत को कोई नाप नहीं सकता। वो पूरी दुनिया को संभालता है। धरती से लेकर आसमान तक, वो सब जगह अपना काम करता है। यह सच है।
Mantra 5
इन्द्रज्येष्ठान्बृहद्भ्यः पर्वतेभ्यः क्षयाँ एभ्यः सुवसि पस्त्यावतः । यथायथा पतयन्तो वियेमिर एवैव तस्थुः सवितः सवाय ते ॥
बड़े पहाड़ों से, जहाँ इंद्र सबसे ऊपर है, वहीं से तुम लोगों को घर दिलाते हो। जैसे पक्षी उड़ते हैं और फैल जाते हैं, वैसे ही सब लोग तुम्हारी राह पे चल के अपनी जगह पकड़ लेते हैं।
Mantra 6
ये ते त्रिरहन्त्सवितः सवासो दिवेदिवे सौभगमासुवन्ति । इन्द्रो द्यावापृथिवी सिन्धुरद्भिरादित्यैर्नो अदितिः शर्म यंसत् ॥
सवितर, तुम्हारी जो ताकत दिन में तीन बार खुशी लाती है, वो हमें भी मिले। इंद्र, धरती और आसमान, नदियाँ और अदिति सब मिलकर हमें शांति दें।
Inside Sukta 54
How it unfolds
- Where it opens
Savitṛ is declared newly present and worthy of praise—invoked “today,” here and now, by human powers.
- Development
The hymn unfolds Savitṛ as the giver who apportions treasures and establishes the best plenitude in the worshipper; his action is not merely material but ordering and uplifting.
- Climax
The revelation of Savitṛ’s immeasurability: his true impulsion ranges from earth’s wideness to heaven’s summit and upholds the whole world-becoming.
- Where it settles
A final prayer that Savitṛ’s threefold daily impulses yield felicity, and that allied cosmic deities grant sheltering peace (śarma).
The deity: Savitṛ
- In the VedaHe is praised as worthy of adoration and invocation, whose true impulsion pervades the whole world.
- Cosmic functionHe sets beings in motion according to ṛta—awakening, directing, and sustaining the rhythms of day and life; his impulse spans earth to heaven and upholds the becoming (bhúvana).
- Inner significanceThe awakening power of consciousness: the inner “impeller” that turns the mind toward clarity, right aspiration, and disciplined action, enabling the seeker to receive inner riches and steadiness.
The seer
- Vāmadeva GautamaGautama gotra (Vāmadeva of the Gautamas) · A principal seer of Maṇḍala 4, celebrated for hymns of luminous insight that link cosmic order (ṛta) with inner awakening and right action.
Famous verses
अभूद्देवः सविता वन्द्यो नु न इदानीमह्न उपवाच्यो नृभिः । वि यो रत्ना भजति मानवेभ्यः श्रेष्ठं नो अत्र द्रविणं यथा दधत् ॥na pramiye savitur daivyasya
trir ahan ... saubhagam āsuvanti
Attributes of the deity
- Impeller/awakener (prasava)
- Distributor of treasures (ratna-bhāj)
- All-pervading reach from earth to heaven
- Upholder of the world-order (ṛta/satya)
- Auspicious, protective, peace-giving through right movement
Also by this seer
- Rig Veda Maṇḍala 4 (many hymns traditionally attributed to Vāmadeva)
- Notable Vāmadeva hymns in RV 4 addressing Indra, Agni, and allied deities (traditional attributions)
The rite, step by step
- Prepare the altar/fire (Agni) and seat; establish purity and intention for right impulse (ṛta).
- Recite the sukta as an invocation to Savitṛ, emphasizing his apportioning of treasures and establishment of excellent draviṇa.
- Offer oblations while affirming Savitṛ’s immeasurable sustaining power (earth-to-heaven reach).
- Conclude with a protective prayer including allied powers (Indra, Dyāvāpṛthivī, Sindhu, Aditi/Ādityas) for śarma (shelter/peace).
Offerings
- Ghee (ājya) oblations
- Soma (where applicable to the rite)
- Optional: grains/cakes (puroḍāśa) in Savitṛ-related offerings
Frequently Asked Questions
Savitṛ is the divine solar Impeller who awakens beings and prayers, directs right activity, and distributes “treasures” (ratna) to people according to truth (satya) and order (ṛta).
That Savitṛ’s power is vast and immeasurable, sustaining the whole world, and that his impulse can establish the best prosperity, strength, and right movement in the worshipper.
The hymn closes by widening the blessing: Savitṛ’s impulse brings good fortune, and these allied cosmic powers are invoked to grant protection (śarma) and peace as the results of that right impulsion.
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