Rig Veda Sukta 33
Mandala 4Sukta 3311 Mantras

Sukta 33

Sukta 4.33

Rishi

Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed for Mandala 4; hymn to the Rbhus)

Devata

Rbhus (R̥bhus: Ṛbhu, Vibhvā, Vāja) as powers of divine craftsmanship and perfection

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.33; verse-level confirmation may vary by recension)

This hymn invokes the R̥bhus—Ṛbhu, Vibhvā, and Vāja—as divine artisans who, moved by swift inspiration, perfect forms and multiply abundance for gods and humans. It praises their truth-speaking, their adherence to svadhā (their innate law), and their wondrous works recognized even by Tvaṣṭṛ, culminating in a request that they establish “vasūni” (true riches) for the sacrificer in the third Soma pressing.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.33

Mantras

Mantra 1

प्र ऋभुभ्यो दूतमिव वाचमिष्य उपस्तिरे श्वैतरीं धेनुमीळे । ये वातजूतास्तरणिभिरेवैः परि द्यां सद्यो अपसो बभूवुः ॥

Forward to the Rbhus I send my word like a messenger; I adore the bright-gleaming Cow of abundance that is spread out (for the seeker). They who are driven by the Wind-force, with swift coursers, at once became the workers who encompass the heaven—powers of effective action.

Mantra 2

यदारमक्रन्नृभवः पितृभ्यां परिविष्टी वेषणा दंसनाभिः । आदिद्देवानामुप सख्यमायन्धीरासः पुष्टिमवहन्मनायै ॥

When the Rbhus fashioned what was fitting for the two Parents, the enclosing seats and the adornment by their powers of skill—then they came near to the friendship of the gods. The seers of steady insight brought increase and nourishment for the mind’s delight.

Mantra 3

पुनर्ये चक्रुः पितरा युवाना सना यूपेव जरणा शयाना । ते वाजो विभ्वाँ ऋभुरिन्द्रवन्तो मधुप्सरसो नोऽवन्तु यज्ञम् ॥

They who made the two Parents young again, though lying aged like a worn post—may those Rbhus, Vāja, Vibhvā, and Ṛbhu, filled with Indra’s force and dripping sweetness, protect our sacrifice (our offering of conscious action).

Mantra 4

यत्संवत्समृभवो गामरक्षन्यत्संवत्समृभवो मा अपिंशन् । यत्संवत्समभरन्भासो अस्यास्ताभिः शमीभिरमृतत्वमाशुः ॥

Because for a full year the Rbhus guarded the Cow (the ray of knowledge), because for a year they shaped and perfected her, because for a year they bore her luminous splendors—by those works of right skill they attained immortality.

Mantra 5

ज्येष्ठ आह चमसा द्वा करेति कनीयान्त्रीन्कृणवामेत्याह । कनिष्ठ आह चतुरस्करेति त्वष्ट ऋभवस्तत्पनयद्वचो वः ॥

The eldest said, ‘Make two cups’; the younger said, ‘Let us make three’; the youngest said, ‘Make four.’ O Rbhus, Tvaṣṭṛ approved that utterance of yours—your formative word that multiplies the vessel of delight.

Mantra 6

सत्यमूचुर्नर एवा हि चक्रुरनु स्वधामृभवो जग्मुरेताम् । विभ्राजमानाँश्चमसाँ अहेवावेनत्त्वष्टा चतुरो ददृश्वान् ॥

The strong ones spoke the Truth; for indeed they did the work. Following their own law of being, the Rbhus came to this (fulfillment). Tvaṣṭṛ, seeing, recognized as if in a single day the four cups shining with radiance.

Mantra 7

द्वादश द्यून्यदगोह्यस्यातिथ्ये रणन्नृभवः ससन्तः । सुक्षेत्राकृण्वन्ननयन्त सिन्धून्धन्वातिष्ठन्नोषधीर्निम्नमापः ॥

For twelve days, in the hospitality of Agohya, the Rbhus rejoiced while pursuing their aim. They made the fields good; they led the rivers; they set the plants upon the dry land; they directed the waters to the low places—ordering the movements of life by right skill.

Mantra 8

रथं ये चक्रुः सुवृतं नरेष्ठां ये धेनुं विश्वजुवं विश्वरूपाम् । त आ तक्षन्त्वृभवो रयिं नः स्ववसः स्वपसः सुहस्ताः ॥

They who fashioned the well-built chariot, best for the human journey, and who fashioned the Cow that moves with all energies and bears all forms—may those Rbhus carve out for us the rayi, the fullness of being: rich in self-power, rich in right works, with hands of perfect skill.

Mantra 9

अपो ह्येषामजुषन्त देवा अभि क्रत्वा मनसा दीध्यानाः । वाजो देवानामभवत्सुकर्मेन्द्रस्य ऋभुक्षा वरुणस्य विभ्वा ॥

For the gods accepted their works, as they were thinking with will and mind set upon the goal. Vāja became the good-worker among the gods; Ṛbhukṣā for Indra, and Vibhvā for Varuṇa—each taking his place as a perfected power in the divine order.

Mantra 10

ये हरी मेधयोक्था मदन्त इन्द्राय चक्रुः सुयुजा ये अश्वा । ते रायस्पोषं द्रविणान्यस्मे धत्त ऋभवः क्षेमयन्तो न मित्रम् ॥

They who made for Indra the two tawny powers that rejoice in inspired understanding and hymn, and who made the horses perfectly yoked—O Rbhus, place in us increase of rayi and sustaining abundance, and the riches of being, fostering our peace like a friend.

Mantra 11

इदाह्नः पीतिमुत वो मदं धुर्न ऋते श्रान्तस्य सख्याय देवाः । ते नूनमस्मे ऋभवो वसूनि तृतीये अस्मिन्त्सवने दधात ॥

Now, in this day’s movement, the gods have poured for you the gladness of the Soma-drink and the uplifted delight; not without the friendship of the one who has laboured and grown weary in the seeking. Therefore, O Rbhus, place in us the true riches—here, in this third pressing, establish the plenitudes of being.

Inside Sukta 33

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    The seer sends his word ‘like a messenger’ to the R̥bhus and praises the bright Cow of abundance, introducing them as swift, wind-driven powers of effective action.

  2. Development

    The hymn unfolds their character: truth-speaking, adherence to svadhā, and their astonishing works—especially the shining cups—so perfect that Tvaṣṭṛ recognizes them.

  3. Climax

    Their workmanship is presented as immediate, radiant accomplishment (the cups ‘seen in a day’), revealing perfection as the fruit of truth and right action.

  4. Where it settles

    The hymn turns to prayer: since Soma-joy is granted in the day’s movement, the R̥bhus are asked to place ‘vasūni’—true riches and plenitudes—within the worshipper at this third pressing.

The deity: R̥bhus

  • In the VedaIn the Rig Veda the R̥bhus are semi-divine master-craftsmen who ‘make’ and ‘perfect’—fashioning radiant forms, renewing what is worn, and producing marvels swiftly, in truth and skill. They are praised for effective action (apas), luminous workmanship, and for works so exact that even Tvaṣṭṛ (the divine fashioner) acknowledges them.
  • Cosmic functionThey represent the cosmic principle of formation and refinement: turning raw potential into perfected manifestation, multiplying plenitude, and restoring vitality—especially in the sacrificial and solar order where right work yields increase.
  • Inner significanceThe R̥bhus symbolize disciplined intelligence and skill (yoga of work): the capacity to remake one’s instruments (mind, speech, senses) into ‘shining vessels,’ align with one’s svadhā, and convert effort into joy, clarity, and abundance.

The seer

  • Vāmadeva GautamaGautama (Vāmadeva) gotra · A major seer of Maṇḍala 4, celebrated for visionary hymns that unite ritual precision with inner (psychological) illumination; associated with inspired speech and the discovery of divine powers through tapas and insight.

Famous verses

प्र ऋभुभ्यो दूतमिव वाचमिष्य उपस्तिरे श्वैतरीं धेनुमीळे । ये वातजूतास्तरणिभिरेवैः परि द्यां सद्यो अपसो बभूवुः ॥
Verse 4.33.1Sets the invocation’s tone: inspired speech is dispatched to the R̥bhus, and their swift, wind-driven effective action is linked to cosmic encompassing of heaven and abundance imagery (the bright cow).Read verse 4.33.1 →
satyam ūcur… anu svadhām
Verse 4.33.6A doctrinal center: the R̥bhus ‘spoke Truth’ and ‘did the work,’ following svadhā; the verse highlights their radiant craftsmanship acknowledged by Tvaṣṭṛ, emblematic of perfected ritual and perfected being.Read verse 4.33.6 →
tṛtīye asmin savane dadhāta
Verse 4.33.11Concluding petition and ritual placement: connects Soma gladness with the friendship of the laboring seeker and asks the R̥bhus to establish ‘vasūni’ specifically in the third pressing—clear liturgical application.Read verse 4.33.11 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Divine craftsmanship and perfection
  • Truth-speaking and right execution of work (satyam + apas)
  • Swift, wind-driven inspiration (vātajūta)
  • Luminous transformation and renewal
  • Multiplication of abundance (cow/wealth imagery)
  • Association with Soma and the third pressing
  • Recognized by Tvaṣṭṛ as consummate makers

Also by this seer

  • Rig Veda Mandala 4 (many hymns attributed to Vāmadeva)
  • Hymns to Indra, Agni, Soma, the Aśvins, and the R̥bhus within the Vāmadeva collection
  • Vāmadeva is also remembered in later Vedic/Upaniṣadic tradition (e.g., the ‘Vāmadeva-vidyā’ motif of realized identity)

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the Soma-pressing space and kindle/steady the sacred fires (Agni as ritual support).
  • At the appropriate Soma pressing, invite the R̥bhus with praise of their apas (effective works) and svadhā (innate law).
  • Recite the hymn with attention to ‘truth’ (satyam) and craftsmanship imagery—cups, radiance, abundance-cow—aligning the rite with precision.
  • Offer Soma and associated oblations while petitioning for ‘vasūni’ (true riches) and for the rite to be ‘well-made’ (free of flaw).
  • Conclude by affirming friendship with the laboring seeker (śrānta) and requesting the R̥bhus to establish plenitude in the sacrificer and community.

Offerings

  • Soma libations (especially at the third pressing)
  • Ghee/clarified butter into the fire
  • Ritual praise (stotra/śastra as offering of speech)

Frequently Asked Questions

The R̥bhus are a triad—Ṛbhu, Vibhvā, and Vāja—praised as divine craftsmen who perfect and renew forms. In this hymn they stand for flawless skill, truth in action, and the power to multiply abundance.

Tvaṣṭṛ is the divine fashioner. The hymn says he recognizes the R̥bhus’ work—shining cups—showing that their craftsmanship is so perfect it is acknowledged by the cosmic artisan himself, a model for a well-made sacrifice.

A Soma sacrifice has three main pressings in a day. The hymn’s final verse asks the R̥bhus to place ‘vasūni’ (true riches) in the worshipper specifically at the third pressing, linking the praise to a clear ritual moment.

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