Rig Veda 4.33.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 33, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.33

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed for Mandala 4; hymn to the Rbhus)

Devata: Rbhus (R̥bhus: Ṛbhu, Vibhvā, Vāja) as powers of divine craftsmanship and perfection

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.33; verse-level confirmation may vary by recension)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र ऋभुभ्यो दूतमिव वाचमिष्य उपस्तिरे श्वैतरीं धेनुमीळे । ये वातजूतास्तरणिभिरेवैः परि द्यां सद्यो अपसो बभूवुः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.33.1

Transliteration

prá ṛbhúbhyo dūtám iva vā́cam iṣye upastíre śvaitarī́m dhénum īḷe | yé vā́tajūtās taraṇíbhir évaiḥ párि dyā́m sadyó ápaso babhūvúḥ ||

Translation

Forward to the Rbhus I send my word like a messenger; I adore the bright-gleaming Cow of abundance that is spread out (for the seeker). They who are driven by the Wind-force, with swift coursers, at once became the workers who encompass the heaven—powers of effective action.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• ऋभुभ्यः: to the Ṛbhus
• ऋभुभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋभु (प्रातिपदिक)

• दूतम्: messenger
• दूतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दूत (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• वाचम्: speech, hymn
• वाचम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (प्रातिपदिक; f.)

• इष्ये: I send/dispatch; I set in motion
• इष्ये: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्

• उपस्तिरे: has spread out, has laid down
• उपस्तिरे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-स्तॄ

• श्वैतरीम्: bright/white (one)
• श्वैतरीम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वैतरी (प्रातिपदिक)

• धेनुम्: milch-cow
• धेनुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• ईळे: I praise, I invoke
• ईळे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईळ्/ईड्

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: य (प्रातिपदिक; relative pronoun)

• वातजूताः: wind-sped, driven by the wind
• वातजूताः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वात-जूत (कृदन्त/समास; from √जु/जव् ‘to speed’)

• तरणिभिः: with swift ones/with racers (swift powers)
• तरणिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: तरणि (प्रातिपदिक)

• एवैः: with these very (ones)
• एवैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: एव (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (upasarga)

• द्याम्: the heaven, sky
• द्याम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ/द्याम् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सद्यः: immediately, at once
• सद्यः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सद्यः

• अपसः: works, deeds
• अपसः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपस् (प्रातिपदिक; n.)

• बभूवुः: they became, they came to be
• बभूवुः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू