Rig Veda Sukta 99
Mandala 10Sukta 9912 Mantras

Sukta 99

Sukta 10.99

Devata

Indra (implied through vajra and Vṛtra-slaying mythic frame)

This hymn praises Indra through the classic Vṛtra-slaying frame: the forging and driving of the vajra, the breaking of obstructing powers, and the opening of prosperity for the worshipper. It blends heroic myth with ethical and social overtones—Indra protects the truthful, shatters hostile strongholds, and grants iṣa (impulse), ūrj (vital strength), and sukṣiti (secure dwelling). The closing image of the “ant” approaching Indra underscores humble, persistent devotion as a means to divine increase and universal radiance.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 10.99

Mantras

Mantra 1

कं नश्चित्रमिषण्यसि चिकित्वान्पृथुग्मानं वाश्रं वावृधध्यै । कत्तस्य दातु शवसो व्युष्टौ तक्षद्वज्रं वृत्रतुरमपिन्वत् ॥

What radiant marvel do you impel for us, O Knower, to increase the wide-going, the mighty? What giver of force, at the breaking of the dawn, shaped the thunderbolt and drove it on to crush the Coverer?

Mantra 2

स हि द्युता विद्युता वेति साम पृथुं योनिमसुरत्वा ससाद । स सनीळेभिः प्रसहानो अस्य भ्रातुर्न ऋते सप्तथस्य मायाः ॥

For he moves with shining and with flashing, he comes with the chant; by his lordly power he has taken his seat in the wide womb. With his comrades of one nest he prevails; not without the magic workings of the seventh-born brother.

Mantra 3

स वाजं यातापदुष्पदा यन्त्स्वर्षाता परि षदत्सनिष्यन् । अनर्वा यच्छतदुरस्य वेदो घ्नञ्छिश्नदेवाँ अभि वर्पसा भूत् ॥

He goes to the Vāja, traversing the difficult steps; winning the Sun-world he takes his seat, seeking the gain. When the unfaltering Knower of the hundred-doored stronghold struck down the false-gods, he became manifest in overpowering form.

Mantra 4

स यह्व्योऽवनीर्गोष्वर्वा जुहोति प्रधन्यासु सस्रिः । अपादो यत्र युज्यासोऽरथा द्रोण्यश्वास ईरते घृतं वाः ॥

He, the impetuous one, pours the moving streams among the Cows; in the battles he runs forth. Where there are footless chariots fit for yoking, with horses in the trough, there the ghee-rich currents are set in motion.

Mantra 5

स रुद्रेभिरशस्तवार ऋभ्वा हित्वी गयमारेअवद्य आगात् । वम्रस्य मन्ये मिथुना विवव्री अन्नमभीत्यारोदयन्मुषायन् ॥

He came with the Rudras, choosing what is not to be blamed, the skillful one, leaving behind Gaya. I think he opened apart the pair in the ant-hill; approaching the food, he made it cry out, taking it away.

Mantra 6

स इद्दासं तुवीरवं पतिर्दन्षळक्षं त्रिशीर्षाणं दमन्यत् । अस्य त्रितो न्वोजसा वृधानो विपा वराहमयोअग्रया हन् ॥

He indeed subdued the Dāsa, the loud-roaring one, the lord of the six-eyed, the three-headed. Then Trita, growing by strength, struck down the boar with the iron-pointed weapon.

Mantra 7

स द्रुह्वणे मनुष ऊर्ध्वसान आ साविषदर्शसानाय शरुम् । स नृतमो नहुषोऽस्मत्सुजातः पुरोऽभिनदर्हन्दस्युहत्ये ॥

He, rising upward, launched the arrow for the treacherous man, for the assailing one. He, the most manly—Nahuṣa, well-born from us—broke open the strongholds, worthy in the slaying of the Dasyus.

Mantra 8

सो अभ्रियो न यवस उदन्यन्क्षयाय गातुं विदन्नो अस्मे । उप यत्सीददिन्दुं शरीरैः श्येनोऽयोपाष्टिर्हन्ति दस्यून् ॥

Like a rain-cloud thirsting for pasture, he finds for us the path to a dwelling. When he settles near the Soma with his embodied powers, then like a falcon with iron talons he strikes down the Dasyus.

Mantra 9

स व्राधतः शवसानेभिरस्य कुत्साय शुष्णं कृपणे परादात् । अयं कविमनयच्छस्यमानमत्कं यो अस्य सनितोत नृणाम् ॥

He, increasing in force with these surging powers, cast down Śuṣṇa for Kutsa into destitution. This Lord led the seer onward as he was being acclaimed—Atka—he who is the winner for him, and also for men.

Mantra 10

अयं दशस्यन्नर्येभिरस्य दस्मो देवेभिर्वरुणो न मायी । अयं कनीन ऋतुपा अवेद्यमिमीताररुं यश्चतुष्पात् ॥

This one, winning service from the manly powers, is the wondrous one among the gods, like Varuṇa—master of effective workings. This youthful guardian of the seasons has perceived; he has measured out the firm support that stands on four feet.

Mantra 11

अस्य स्तोमेभिरौशिज ऋजिश्वा व्रजं दरयद्वृषभेण पिप्रोः । सुत्वा यद्यजतो दीदयद्गीः पुर इयानो अभि वर्पसा भूत् ॥

By these hymns of his, Auśija Ṛjiśvan broke open the enclosure with the Bull’s force, for Pipru. When the adorable one had pressed (the Soma), he made the inspired speech shine; going in front against the strongholds, he became luminous in form.

Mantra 12

एवा महो असुर वक्षथाय वम्रकः पड्भिरुप सर्पदिन्द्रम् । स इयानः करति स्वस्तिमस्मा इषमूर्जं सुक्षितिं विश्वमाभाः ॥

Thus, O mighty Asura, for thy bearing and increase, the ant crawls up to Indra with its feet. He, advancing, makes for him well-being—impulse and plenitude of energy, good dwelling, and brings all radiances.

Inside Sukta 99

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    A questioning, wonder-filled invocation: what ‘radiant marvel’ will the Knower impel, and who shaped and drove the Vṛtra-crushing vajra at dawn (10.99.1).

  2. Development

    Indra’s heroic agency is expanded—arrows launched against treachery, forts broken, adversaries subdued—linking mythic victory to social protection and rightful power (e.g., 10.99.7).

  3. Climax

    The hymn peaks in the vision of Indra as sovereign might who decisively turns the tide against obstruction and establishes well-being and increase for the worshipper.

  4. Where it settles

    It settles into blessing: even the small and persistent (the ‘ant’) approaches Indra, and the god grants svasti, iṣa, ūrj, sukṣiti, and universal radiance (10.99.12).

The deity: Indra

  • In the VedaIndra is the thunder-wielding, soma-loving champion who smashes Vṛtra/obstruction with the vajra, breaks open forts (pur), and wins waters, light, and spaciousness for the clan. He is invoked as a sovereign power (sometimes with the epithet ‘asura’ in the older sense of lordly might) and as the foremost helper in conflict and crisis.
  • Cosmic functionHe releases the pent-up waters and dawns, restores ṛta-like order by defeating the ‘covering’ force, and re-establishes circulation of life—rain, rivers, fertility, and victorious momentum.
  • Inner significanceIndra symbolizes the awakened will and luminous force that breaks inner blockage (fear, inertia, confusion), allowing energy, clarity, and right action to flow; devotion plus effort (the ‘ant’ image) becomes the steady ascent toward that empowering presence.

Famous verses

कं नश्चित्रमिषण्यसि चिकित्वान्पृथुग्मानं वाश्रं वावृधध्यै । कत्तस्य दातु शवसो व्युष्टौ तक्षद्वज्रं वृत्रतुरमपिन्वत् ॥
Verse 10.99.1Sets the hymn’s central problem and power: the dawn-forged vajra and the crushing of the Coverer (Vṛtra/obstruction), framing Indra as the initiator of liberation and increase.Read verse 10.99.1 →
स द्रुह्वणे मनुष ऊर्ध्वसान आ साविषदर्शसानाय शरुम् । स नृतमो नहुषोऽस्मत्सुजातः पुरोऽभिनदर्हन्दस्युहत्ये ॥
Verse 10.99.7Connects Indraic heroism to protection of the community—breaking forts and being ‘worthy in Dasyu-slaying’—a key social-ritual function of Indra praise.Read verse 10.99.7 →
एवा महो असुर वक्षथाय वम्रकः पड्भिरुप सर्पदिन्द्रम् । स इयानः करति स्वस्तिमस्मा इषमूर्जं सुक्षितिं विश्वमाभाः ॥
Verse 10.99.12Memorable concluding image of humble ascent (‘ant’ approaching Indra) and the explicit list of boons: svasti, iṣa, ūrj, sukṣiti, and ‘all radiances.’Read verse 10.99.12 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Vajra-bearer (thunderbolt)
  • Vṛtra-slayer (obstruction-breaker)
  • Breaker of forts (pur-bhid)
  • Giver of iṣa (impulse) and ūrj (vital force)
  • Protector in conflict; slayer of Dasyus in the hymn’s idiom
  • Sovereign might (asura-epithet in archaic sense)

Also by this seer

  • No secure additional hymns can be attributed with confidence due to the rishi being unrecorded for this sukta in the provided tradition.

The rite, step by step

  • Establish the fire (Agni) and seat the rite with purification and intention for strength and obstacle-removal.
  • Recite Indra-stotras from the sukta, emphasizing vajra/Vṛtra motifs as the symbolic ‘breaking’ of impediments.
  • Offer soma (or its ritual substitute where applicable) with ghee while naming Indra as the opener of paths and giver of iṣa and ūrj.
  • Conclude with a śānti-like request for svasti (well-being), sukṣiti (good dwelling), and ‘all radiances’ for the household/community.

Offerings

  • Soma (or soma-substitute in later practice)
  • Ghee/clarified butter
  • Milk/curds (optional in Indra rites)
  • Oblations of grain-cakes (puroḍāśa) where the larger ritual context supports it

Frequently Asked Questions

It praises Indra’s power to break obstruction (Vṛtra) with the vajra, defeat hostile forces, and restore flow—strength, prosperity, and well-being for the worshipper.

They are symbolic of Indra’s decisive victory over what ‘covers’ or blocks life: the thunderbolt represents focused force, and Vṛtra represents obstruction that must be shattered for waters/light to emerge.

It teaches that even small, steady effort and humble devotion can approach divine power; Indra then grants svasti (well-being), energy, good dwelling, and radiance.

Ask anything about Sukta 99 of the Rig Veda

Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.

Not sure where to start?

A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.

Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app

Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.

Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play

Continue reading in the Vedapath app

Open in App
Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play